Le Chatelier's Principle Applications of Le Chatelier's Principle There are significantly more examples of the use of this principle then shown here – these three are just some common and universally understood examples.

OUTCOME QUESTION(S): C12-4-09: Vocabulary & Concepts Describe practical applications of Le Chatelier’s principle. Vocabulary & Concepts

Rechargeable Batteries Lead-acid PbO2 + Pb + 4 H+ + 2 SO42- 2 PbSO4 + 2 H2O + energy Nickel-cadmium Cd + 2 NiO(OH) + 2 H2O 2 Ni(OH) + Cd(OH)2 + energy Electrical energy (like heat) is written into the equation Appliance – no energy – forward reaction favored energy released to run appliance Charger (outlet) – HIGH energy – reverse favored re-forms reactants, storing energy for use

Hb (aq) + O2 (g) HbO2 (aq) Oxygen and The Lungs Haemoglobin (Hb) is a red-blood cell protein used to transport O2 from the lungs to body tissue Lungs – [O2] is high – forward reaction favored haemoglobin in the blood binds oxygen Tissue – [O2] is low – reverse reaction favored haemoglobin releases oxygen to the cells

Carbon Dioxide and The Lungs H2O(l) + CO2 (g) H2CO3 (aq) Water is a major component in our blood Tissue – [CO2] is high – forward reaction favored CO2 waste carried from cells as carbonic acid Lungs – [CO2] is low – reverse reaction favored carbonic acid decomposes releasing waste CO2

Carbon Dioxide and Blood pH H2CO3 H2O(l) + HCO3-(aq) + H+(aq) CO2 (g) acidic The normal pH of blood is 7.4 - anything above 7.8 or below 6.8 can result in death Acidic – [H+] is high – reverse reaction favored exercise creates acids which are neutralized by carbonate ions and then expelled as CO2 (breath harder) Basic – [H+] is low – forward reaction favored carbonic acid is created and decomposes to release H+ to offset the alkalinity of the blood

CAN YOU / HAVE YOU? C12-4-09: Vocabulary & Concepts Describe practical applications of Le Chatelier’s principle. Vocabulary & Concepts