Properties of Alkanes Nonpolar molecules – not water-soluble

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Presentation transcript:

Properties of Alkanes Nonpolar molecules – not water-soluble Relatively low melting and boiling points Generally less dense than water The longer the chain (greater molecular weight), the higher the melting point, boiling point, and density.

Name Melting pt (°C) Boiling pt (°C) Density at 0°C (g/mL) Methane -182.5 -160 Gas Ethane -183.6 -88.7 Propane -187.6 -42.2 Butane -139.0 -0.4 Pentane -129.9 36.0 0.626 Hexane -94.5 68.8 0.659 Heptane -90.6 98.4 0.684 Octane -56.9 125.6 0.703 Nonane -53.6 150.7 0.718 Decane -29.7 174.0 0.730

Constitutional Isomers Molecules that have the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of atoms C4H10 CH3 CH3CH2CH2CH3 CH3CHCH3 butane 2-methylpropane b.p. = -0.4°C, b.p. = -12°C m.p. = -139°C m.p. = -145°C

Website to practice building isomers http://antoine.frostburg.edu/cgi-bin/senese/tutorials/isomer/index.cgi Copy down your work into your notebook! Name the isomers that are built for butane, pentane, hexane, and heptane.

Homework Page 308: 11.5 Page 309: 11.6 Page 319: 33 & 34