Bacteria Ulcers www.assignmentpoint.com
The Problem – an Ulcer! Slide 1 Definition : ulcer n. an open sore on an external or internal surface www.assignmentpoint.com
Ulcers – found in the stomach lining, and though to be caused by stressful living. Slide 2 www.assignmentpoint.com
Using an endoscope to view an ulcer and a tissue sample then Slide 3 Using an endoscope to view an ulcer and a tissue sample then taken to be analysed View of an ulcer in the stomach www.assignmentpoint.com
Dr Robin Warren - pathologist Slide 4 Dr Robin Warren - pathologist Team work The curious observation made by Dr Robin Warren in the samples given to him to analyse. These observations were investigated by Dr Marshall. www.assignmentpoint.com
Slide 5 In the laboratory. Team work to produce a culture of H. pylori! www.assignmentpoint.com
Dr Barry Marshall – 1981, Australia Slide 6 Dr Barry Marshall – 1981, Australia www.assignmentpoint.com
Culture of Helicobacter pylori Slide 7 Culture of Helicobacter pylori A sample was taken and viewed under the Electron Microscope After months of trials and failures, an unplanned long weekend in the incubator produced a result! www.assignmentpoint.com
Slide 8 The villian! A Helicobacter pylori C B www.assignmentpoint.com
and healing of the ulcer? Slide 9 Removal of H. pylori and healing of the ulcer? Scanning E.M of H.pylori on the stomach walls. www.assignmentpoint.com
H. pylori causes excess production Slide 10 How the ulcer is formed H. pylori causes excess production of HCl by cells of the stomach lining. The stomach is trying to kill the bacterium. The excess acid removes the mucus layer and the stomach cells are then attacked, resulting in an ulcer. Acid inhibitors such as Tagamet now usually prescribed for relief but they have to be taken continually. www.assignmentpoint.com
Slide 11 Test kits for Helicobactera pylori www.assignmentpoint.com
Drinking the urea solution: Blowing out into a test tube. Slide 12 Drinking the urea solution: Blowing out into a test tube. www.assignmentpoint.com
H. pylori breath test – gas chromatograph reads results. Slide 13 H. pylori breath test – gas chromatograph reads results. www.assignmentpoint.com
Ammonia identified in exhaled air. Slide 14 Ammonia identified in exhaled air. This is due to H. pylori conversion of Urea into ammonia. How the test works. www.assignmentpoint.com
H pylori removed within 2 weeks after taking antibiotics! Slide 15 Results that provide further proof of the connection between H pylori and ulcers. H pylori removed within 2 weeks after taking antibiotics! www.assignmentpoint.com
Communicating their findings Slide16 Communicating their findings Book: The Ease & Difficulty of a New Discovery. Author: Robin Warren www.assignmentpoint.com
Slide17 Acceptance at last! www.assignmentpoint.com
Slide 18 www.assignmentpoint.com
From initial discovery in 1981 until acknowledgment Slide 19 Nobel prize announced - 2005 From initial discovery in 1981 until acknowledgment by the scientific community in 2005! www.assignmentpoint.com
to be responsible for stomach cancer and heart disease. Remove Slide 20 Further findings… Now thought to be responsible for stomach cancer and heart disease. Remove H pylori and reduce the risk! H. pylori in the blood Spread by poverty and down through the families! Simple prevention! www.assignmentpoint.com