IB Psych 3.28.17 Today’s Agenda: More Options: HW: Actively Learn Health HW: Actively Learn (A-K—Allen, et al. (1999), L-Z—Newcomer, et al. (1997)) Take a look through chapter 7… Turn in: Actively Learn Take out : Planner Notes Note-taking devices Today’s Learning Objectives: I can make connections between mental disorders.

What is Health? Health is popularly defined in terms of absence of disease, but may be viewed as an illness/wellness continuum The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as “a complete state of physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”.

Illness/Wellness Continuum

1900 1990

Changing patterns of illness Summary 1900s - infectious diseases main cause of death (acute conditions) 1960s - degenerative diseases main cause of death (chronic conditions) 1990s - new infectious disease main cause of premature death (chronic condition)

Death rates from infectious and parasitic disease, 1907 to 1998

Acute vs. Chronic Disorders Summary acute conditions = short-lived, curable Etiology - Beyond individual control chronic conditions = long-lasting, no cure Etiology - Partly influenced by behavior

Reasons for changed causes of death Improved hygiene (water supply, etc) Penicillin (antibiotics) Aging population (risk factor for degenerative disease) Health Behaviors Activities to prevent or detect disease

Change 5 behaviors According to the US Public Health Service, of the 10 leading causes of death in the US, at least 7 could be reduced substantially if people at risk would change just 5 behaviors! Adherence to medical recommendations (eg use of hypertensive medication) Diet Smoking Lack of exercise Alcohol and drug use

Models of Health Biomedical Model Historically, dominant paradigm Suggests illness is a function of aberrant somatic processes Main Focus = cure (biology and medicine)

Models of Health Biopsychosocial Model Current dominant paradigm All conditions of health and disease have mental and social components Main focus = health (prevention not cure)

Models of Health Biopsychosocial Model “health (wellness and illness) is a function of biological, psychological, and social factors in continual interaction”

Health Psychology What is health psychology? “the aggregate of the specific educational, scientific, and professional contributions of the discipline of psychology to … Promotion and maintenance of health (health habits) Prevention and treatment of illness (clinical) Identification of etiological and diagnostic correlates of health and illness (research) Analysis of the health care system and health policy formation (political) (Matazarro, 1982)

“You, the individual, can do more for your own health and well-being than any doctor, any hospital, and drug, any exotic medical service.” US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare