ACIDS, BASES and SALTS

Strong Acids HCl → H+ + Cl- - dissociate completely into ions ACIDS, BASES and SALTS Strong Acids HCl → H+ + Cl- - dissociate completely into ions - readily transfer H+ ions - strong electrolytes   Phet Simulation Acid-Base Solutions Strong & Weak Acids Animations

ACIDS, BASES and SALTS Common Strong Acids (Table K) HCl – hydrochloric acid HNO3 – nitric acid H2SO4 – sulfuric acid   Add HBr and HI to Table K

Weak Acids HC2H3O2 ↔ H+ + C2H3O2- ACIDS, BASES and SALTS Weak Acids HC2H3O2 ↔ H+ + C2H3O2- - do not dissociate completely into ions - do not readily transfer H+ ions - poor/weak electrolyte   Phet Simulation Acid-Base Solutions

ACIDS, BASES and SALTS Common Weak Acids (Table K) acetic acid - HC2H3O2 or CH3COOH carbonic acid - H2CO3 phosphoric acid - H3PO4  

Strong Bases LiOH → Li+ + OH- - dissociate completely into ions ACIDS, BASES and SALTS Strong Bases LiOH → Li+ + OH- - dissociate completely into ions - readily yields OH- ions - have strong affinity (attraction) for H+ - strong electrolyte   Phet Simulation Acid-Base Solutions All About That Base (No Acid) 03:40

Common Strong Bases (Table L) ACIDS, BASES and SALTS Common Strong Bases (Table L) metal hydroxides (OH-) with group 1 or 2 metals NaOH – sodium hydroxide KOH – potassium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 - calcium hydroxide LiOH – lithium hydroxide

Weak Bases CuOH ↔ Cu+1 + OH- ACIDS, BASES and SALTS Weak Bases CuOH ↔ Cu+1 + OH- - react only partially in water to form OH- ions   Phet Simulation Acid-Base Solutions

Common Weak Bases (Table L – NH3) and Fe(OH)2 – iron (II) hydroxide ACIDS, BASES and SALTS Common Weak Bases (Table L – NH3) and all other metal hydroxides (OH-) not with group 1 or 2 metals Fe(OH)2 – iron (II) hydroxide Fe(OH)3 – iron (III) hydroxide CuOH – copper (I) hydroxide Al(OH)3 - aluminum hydroxide

Amphoteric (Amphiprotic) substances ACIDS, BASES and SALTS Amphoteric (Amphiprotic) substances – can act as either an acid _________________   or as a base _________________________ proton (H+) donor proton (H+) acceptor

ACIDS, BASES and SALTS Identify the acid, base, conjugate acid and conjugate base. (see Table L - the stronger acid is the proton donor) Remember Bronstead-Lowery Definitions: An acid donates a proton (H+) A base accepts a proton (H+)  

ACIDS, BASES and SALTS H2O H2O + NH3 ↔ H2O + HCl ↔ NH3 NH3 + HCl ↔    NH3 NH3 + HCl ↔   NH3 + H- ↔    HCO3- HCO3- + H2O ↔   HCO3- + HSO4- ↔  HSO4- HSO4- + H2O ↔   HSO4- + HCl ↔  H2PO4- H2PO4- + H2O ↔   H2PO4- + HBr ↔