USDA Food Guides Dietary recommendations since 1894 Evolving according to socioeconomical status of the US public Combined foods into “food groups” “Basic 4” in 1956 6 food groups today

Dietary Guidelines for Americans USDA & DHHS since 1980 Revised every 5 years Includes the USDA Food Guides and a visual image: Food Guide Pyramid (1992) MyPyramid (2005) MyPlate (2010)

2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans by esteemed committee of nutrition scientists based on the published scientific literatures recommendations regarding dietary and physical activity pattern

Important Facts Poor diet and physical inactivity are the most important factors contributing to an epidemic of overweight and obesity in all segments of the society Nearly 15% of American households are currently unable to acquire adequate food to meet their dietary needs

Goals Maintain energy balance over time to achieve and sustain a healthy weight Focus on consuming nutrient-dense foods and beverages Nutrients needs should be met primarily through consuming foods, not supplements.

Key recommendations Balance calories to manage weight Reduce certain foods and food components less sodium, saturated fats, trans fatty acids, solid fats, cholesterol, refined grains, alcohol Increase certain foods and nutrients vegetable (dark green, orange, red), fruits, whole grains, low fat milk, soy beverages, low fat proteins, dietary fiber, vitamin D, K+, Ca+ Build healthy eating patterns

Obesity Epidemic Know your Estimated Energy Req. (EER) Prepare, serve, and consume smaller portions of foods Monitor food intake, body weight, PA Eating out smaller portion or lower calorie options Nutrient dense breakfast max nutrient/calorie

Reduce Certain Foods Nutrition Facts Panels Home prepared foods use less Na+, fat, sugar Fresh foods processed foods are high in Na+ Eating out low Na+ options Fewer foods with solid fats or added sugar desserts, sodas, sugar-sweeten beverages

Increase Certain Foods Potassium Dietary fiber Calcium Iron Vitamin D Vitamin B12 Folate Seafood Beans Peas whole-grains and low-fat dairy products

Healthy Eating Patterns Establish the current food patterns optimal health = all essential nutrients + limited calories what kinds of foods (food groups) and in what proportion (amount for each food group) Focus on nutrient density naturally occurring foods that retains their components opposite of “junk foods” that have mostly empty calories Beverages count such as soda, energy & sports drinks, alcoholic beverages = empty calories with artificial sweetener

Call to Action Local, state, and federal groups working together through policies, programs, and partnerships Ensure that all Americans have access to nutritious foods and opportunities for PA Facilitate individual behavior change through environmental strategies Set the stage for lifelong healthy eating, physical activity, and weight managment

Why do you think the Food Guide Pyramid and the MyPyramid were replaced?

MyPlate Emphasize individual differences Eat the right amount for you breast-feeding, pregnant, vegetarians, etc. Eat the right amount for you ½ plate of fruits and veggies ¼ plate of whole grains ¼ plate of proteins (avoid oversized portions) Summer of 2012: nation-wide focus on drinking water Winter of 2013: promoting fat-free/low-fat milk Overarching goal: “be physcially active your way”

Institute of Medicine USDA USDA & HHS USDA HHS Dietary Ref. Intake (DRI) EER EAR AMDR RDA AI UL USDA Food Patterns USDA & HHS Dietary Guidelines 2010 USDA My Plate Ongoing research Updated every 5 years HHS Healthy People 2020

Healthy People 2020 Nation’s goal for healthy living Government agencies, communities, and professional organizations National School Lunch Program Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program

Goals Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death. Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages