Macromolecules/ Organic Compounds Notes #7

All living things are made of? Carbon. What are Macromolecules? ANS: Large compounds that make up life -created by joining smaller compounds together.

Polymers vs Monomers Monomers: smaller compounds used to form polymers Polymers: Large compounds created by joining monomers together.

How to make macromolecues? Polymerization (also known as Dehydration synthesis) -a process used to make macromolecules by taking out water & joining monomers together. http://www.uwsp.edu/chemistry/tzamis/condensationpolymer.html

How to Break up Macromolecules Hydrolysis: process used to break down polymers into monomers by adding water. Ex.http://nhscience.lonestar.edu/biol/dehydrat/dehydrat.html

What are the Macromolecules in this burger? Carbohydrate----> Protein ----> Lipids/ fats----->

4 Types of Macromoleuces Carbohydrates: made up of C, H, O Has the word -saccharide (means “sugar”) Important Function: Main source of chemical energy Ex. Monomers Polymers -Monosaccharides -Polysaccharides (single sugar) (many sugars) -glucose -starch

Carbohydrates

2) Lipids (Also known as FATS 2) Lipids (Also known as FATS.): -made of C & H -nondissolvable in water Important Function: Stores long term energy & build cell membranes. Structure of a Fat molecule is made up of a Glycerol & 3 Fatty Acids. ex. Oils, waxes, and steroids

Fats

3) Nucleic Acids: made of C, H, O, N, P -made of monomers called nucleotides Important Function: Stores & transfers genetic information ex. DNA = Deoxyribonucleic Acid RNA = Ribonucleic Acid

Example of Nucleic Acid

4) Protein: contains C, H, O, N Important Function: Builds cell parts, carry chemical reactions, transport molecules & movement of body ex. Cell organelles, Beans, & Meat (Muscles)

Example of Protein

Chemical Reactions Reactants: Chemicals mixed together that go through a chemical change. Products: The end result of a chemical reaction. Ex. Reactants  Products 2H2 + O2  2(H2O) http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/6-react.htm

What are Enzymes? ANS: Special proteins that speed up chemical reactions. -They work best at specific tempt. and pH levels.

What are substrates? ANS: Reactants that interact with enzymes.

Enzyme Actions Enzyme-Substrate Complex (a.k.a. the Lock & Key Model.) Ex. Enzyme (key) & Substrate (lock)

Classwork Cut out the yellow monomer pieces Paste all pieces for #12 onto Q#12 Paste all pieces for #21 onto Q#21 ANSWER THE QUESTIONs 1 to 23 FOR HW

Enzyme Action Animation http://www.lew-port.com/10712041113402793/lib/10712041113402793/Animations/Enzyme_activity.html