World War I

Nationalism_in_Europe 2:23

Nationalism Deep attachments to one’s own nation helped unify the people and helped create competition Nationalism

Building_Global_Empires_and_Military_Alliances 1:46

Imperialism Nations seeking economic growth and expansion Establish and expand global empires Imperialism

Balkan Wars Strong competition for control of area Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia-Herzegovinia Balkan Wars

Militarism Build-up of military forces among nations Strong military competition Militarism

Alliances Hardening of alliance systems Triple Alliance— Triple Entente— Russia was traditionally Serbia’s protector Alliances

Triple Alliance Germany Italy Austria-Hungary

Triple Entente Great Britain Russia France

1014_Austria_Hungary_Declares_War_Against_Serbia 1:25

Assassination Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to Austro-Hungarian throne, and wife, Killed June 28, 1914 in Sarajevo by Serbian Black Hand member, Gavrilo Princip Assassination

Summer of 1914 Franz Ferdinand assassinated June 28 Austria issued ultimatum to Serbia; Serbia partially agreed July 25 Austria declared war on Serbia July 28

Germany pledged to support Austria Russia mobilized to help Serbia July 30 Germany declared war on Russia Aug 1 France allied with Russia

World War I Begins……….. Germany declared war on France Aug 3 Germany invaded Belgium Aug 3 Britain declared war on Germany Aug 4 World War I Begins………..

Central Powers Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire

Allied Powers Great Britain, France, Russia, Serbia, Belgium, US, Japan, Montenegro, Italy

The Battles Begin Schlieffen Plan—Germany’s war plan drawn up in 1905 called for invasion of neutral Belgium assumed Russia would be slow to mobilize allow for quick defeat of French

Problems with Schlieffen Plan Invaded heavily fortified area of Belgium GB involved after Belgium invasion Encountered strong resistance Russian army mobilized quickly Split Germany forces in East

Downfall of Schlieffen Plan Germans forced British retreat France attacked Germans in Alsace-Lorraine Caused delay in German advance Battle of Marne caused German retreat Signaled abandonment of Schlieffen Plan

Modern War Submarine warfare Rapid fire machine guns Trench warfare Use to get around blockades and attack enemy shipping Rapid fire machine guns Led to trench warfare Trench warfare 500 miles of ditches for protection Tanks Designed to break through barbed wire Airplanes Primary function—to observe enemy activities Poison gas Introduced by Germans to help break stalemates

U.S. Becomes Involved US declared neutrality in beginning Money loaned to warring nations Sinking of Lusitania German unrestricted submarine warfare Zimmerman Telegram Germany sinks 4 US merchant ships April 2, 1917 Wilson asks Congress for war declaration April 6, 1917 US declares war on Germany

US entry into World War I Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare Zimmerman Telegram Sinking of 4 US merchant ships US declares war on Germany April 6, 1917 US entry into World War I

Web of War Austria-Hungary Serbia Russia Germany France Treaty Treaty Declared war on Serbia Treaty Treaty Declared war on Russia Germany Declared war on Treaty France

France Germany Belgium Great Britain Japan United States Italy invades Declared war on France Germany invades Declared war on Treaty Colonial Territories Declared war on Belgium Treaty Great Britain Declared war on Australia Canada India New Zealand Union of S.Africa Military agreement Japan Allied after start of war United States Italy

The Home Front Selective Service – 2.8 million drafted War Industries Board – coordinate production of war materials Daylight savings time Bonds – Liberty and Victory Committee on Public Information – selling the war to the public Sedition Act of 1918 Public expression of war opposition illegal

Women’s Roles Women Fill jobs in factories Military service Allowed to enlist in Navy Fill temporary jobs in Army Army nurses were only military women allowed to go overseas

African Americans Served in segregated units in military “Great Migration” Movement from South to North to fill factory jobs

Espionage and Sedition Acts were used to effectively silence criticism of the war.

War ends 11th Hour of 11th Day of 11th Month 1918 1917 Russia pulls out Closing Eastern front American troops arrive 1918 Allies push Germans back to border of Germany Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicates Germany surrenders War ends 11th Hour of 11th Day of 11th Month 1918

Treaty of Versailles Wilson’s Fourteen Points Plan for peace after war League of Nations General association of nations Help preserve peace Help prevent future wars Congress never signed Treaty of Versailles US never member of League of Nations Germany’s punishment Accept blame for causing war Reduce military Pay war reparations

Effects of WWI on US Developments in War Effects on US War-torn economies of Europe Russian Revolution Industrial demand of wartime Sacrifices of wartime; disappointment with Versailles Peace Treaty Effects on US Boom in US economy; emergence of US as world industrial leader “Red Scare” in postwar US; suspicion of immigrants Internal migration in US, especially African Americans to Northern cities Failure to join League of Nations