World War I “The Great War” Causes, The Innovations, Treaty of Versailles, Effects - Seeds Planted Chapter 29

Activities and doc Review Text: P841-44(3-5,7) P845-49(4,5,7) P851-56(1,3,7) Primary Sources: The Murder of Archduke Franz Ferdinand; Poison Gas Reteaching: A Flawed Peace NEW VISIONS: What was WWI like… Clips: Outbreak of WWI (History Channel/New Visions) Tech Developments of WWI (History/New Visions) The Last Day of World War I (History Channel) Youtube: Italian Unification - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E7BVo7fERTQ&list=PLoAs8yGWNC_JjOQZcKcD8EM2AMcjLvhC8&index=2 Youtube: German Unification https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FRcNoegrINk Youtube: World War One Combat in Colour Youtube: Armistice https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r0ldr18Rnho

I) Causes of the War A) Nationalism – increased pride, more calls for independence drove mvmt. 1) ITALY – by 1870, small states had been joined by Giuseppe Garibaldi to resist outsiders and seek colonial wealth/power (PRIDE!!!) (Youtube) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E7BVo7fERTQ&list=PLoAs8yGWNC_JjOQZcKcD8EM2AMcjLvhC8&index=2 2) GERMANY – (1871) Count Otto Von Bismarck (Prussia) drove to unite states. Became “Kaiser” in 1871. Defeated Austria in “Blood and Iron” campaign, then France in Franco- Prussian….bitterness! B) Imperialism – for additional territories, wealth, and materials for conquest; ** rivalries, and powder keg in Balkans C) Secret Alliances – 1) Triple (Central) – Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy. 2) Entente – Britain, France, Russia (later US) D) Militarism – growth in arms production, psychological effects of mobilization for war. War even “glorified.”

Guissepe Garibaldi MINI QUIZ Otto Von Bismarch (Germany) “The great questions of the day will not be decided by speeches and resolutions of majorities… but by blood and iron.” “The Iron Chancellor” Realpolitik – supports use of power to achieve means, removes messy values or ideals; a natural cousin of nationalism MINI QUIZ

II) Events of the War A) War begins in August 1914 assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand (Primary Source Rdg) B) War characterized as a stalemate, due to trench warfare…not anticipated… C) Extreme casualties – stories… 1) Russia’s Eastern Front 2) The Whistle Charge 16 Million Dead; 21Million wounded, many of them innocent civilians. By 1917: the U.S. “Doughboys” enter, turn the tide as the Russians have their own war…why enter?

Images of WAr Trench Warfare (Red Baron – Von Richtoven) Bi-Wing Planes (Red Baron – Von Richtoven) Big Bertha (Mortar Shells) Early Gen. Tanks

Mustard Gas (Rdg) Gatling Gun Convoys U-Boats Convoy System

Trench WArfare

III) Treaty of Versailles With US participation in the effort beginning in 1917, the tide was turned and in November 1918, (Armistice Day) the German’s “sued” for peace. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r0ldr18Rnho A) Wilson’s 14 Points and the Big Three: President Woodrow Wilson urges “just peace” but rejected by Lloyd George (Britain); Clemenceau (France); Orlando (Italy). ANGER ** Reparations ($$) ** GUILT (Next Frame Article 231) ** League of Nations ** Freedom of Seas ** Self-Determination ** Long-Term Bitterness! ** Seeds Planted!! History would later show that the League would prove too weak militarily (no troops) and politically (no USA)

Self-Determination What has changed?