23. How writing and speech differ 201010535 방 소 영 201010275 백 슬 기 201113426 장 흔

Written language vs Spoken language INDEX Written language vs Spoken language The differences Writing – or Speaking ? Conclusion 1 2 3 4

Written language > Spoken language Written language vs Spoken language 1 Written language - The medium of literature. - Provide language with permanence and authority. - Illustrating the rules of grammar. Spoken language - Ignored or condemned. - Lack of care and organization. -> ‘No rules’ - Pronunciation follows the standard written form. Written language > Spoken language

Written language < Spoken language Written language vs Spoken language 1 But 19th century, sporadic criticism of the viewpoint. Spoken language - Speech is older than writing. - Naturally in children. Writing is based on the sound of speech. * Leonard Bloomfield(1887-1949) :‘Writing is not language’ Speech is the primary medium of communication among all peoples. . Written language - Secondary importance. - Only for minority communities. - Mere ‘reflection’of spoken language. Written language < Spoken language

There is no sense in the view That one medium of communication is Written language vs Spoken language 1 But 19th century, sporadic criticism of the viewpoint. Spoken language There is no sense in the view That one medium of communication is intrinsically ‘better’ than the other. - Speech is older than writing. - Naturally in children. Writing is based on the sound of speech. * Leonard Bloomfield(1887-1949) :‘Writing is not language’ Speech is the primary medium of communication among all peoples. Written language Writing cannot substitute for speech, nor speech for writing. - Secondary importance. - Only for minority communities. - Mere ‘reflection’of spoken language. Written language < Spoken language

The differences – 1. Physical form 2 Speech - Uses phonic substance. Ex) typically in the from of airpressure movements. Writing - Uses graphic substance. Ex) typically in the from of marks on a surface. Greatest contrast when written texts are compared with informal conversation. But even in fairly formal and prepared speech settings.

The differences – 2. Structure Speech Writing Time-bound Dynamic Transient-part of an interaction Present Has a specific addressee Space-bound Static permanent-the result of a situation Distant from the recipient

The differences Speech Writing 2 Looser construction Repetition 1 Speech Writing Looser construction Repetition Rephrasing Filler phrases Intonation Pause to divide utterances Repeated reading Close analysis careful organization intricately structured expression http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YahDULjQR-Y

The differences Written language Writers 2 - Avoids words where the meaning relies on the situation because they cannot interact each other. Writers Have to anticipate the effect of the time-lag between production and reception.

Writing(Written language) Speech(Spoken language) The differences 2 3 Writing(Written language) - Displays graphic effects. Ex) punctuation, capitalization … Speech(Spoken language) - Different feature from written language. Ex) rising intonation, increase loudness… The majority of graphic features present a system of contrasts that has no spoken language equivalent. Ex) timetables, graphs …

Grammatical and lexical differences The differences 2 4 Grammatical and lexical differences Ex1) French Ex2) chemical terms, Whatchamacallit(with no standard spelling), slangs, obscene expressions … writing speech Simple past O X

The differences Written language 2 more formal than spoken language. 5 Written language more formal than spoken language. More likely to provide the standard that society values. Ex) contracts, part of the identity of a religious tradition … Despite these differences, there are many respects in which the two mediums can influence each other. Ex) children use the written medium as a means of extending their spoken vocabulary. Loan words : written language ← spoken language Writing systems may derive from speech, in a historical sense, but in modern society the dependence is mutual.

Writing – or Speaking ? 3 The functions of speech and writing are usually said to complement each other. There are many functional parallels in modern society. Permanence recordings Writing Speaking Talking books for blind people, Libraries of recorded sound Distant contacts letters, messages Tape cassettes, telephone answering machines… Social functions Birthday, christmas cards … But, when it comes to tasks of memory and learning, speech is no substitute for writing.

Conclusion For centuries, people been a question of choosing 4 For centuries, people been a question of choosing between speech and writing. This choice has been extended which is neither clearly speech nor clearly writing.

23. How writing and speech differ THANK YOU