CHS AP Psychology Unit 10: Personality Essential Task 10.6:Identify frequently used assessment strategies such as objective tests like the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory [MMPI] and the Myers Briggs Type Indicator [MBTI] and projective tests like the Thematic Apperception Test [TAT]), and the Rorschach test and then evaluate their relative quality based on reliability and validity. Logo Green is R=8 G=138 B=76 Blue is R= 0 G=110 B=184 Border Grey is R=74 G=69 B=64

Assessing Unconscious Processes Evaluating personality from an unconscious mind’s perspective would require a psychological instrument (projective tests) that would reveal the hidden unconscious mind. OBJECTIVE 8| Describe two projective tests used to assess personality, and discuss some criticisms of them.

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) Personological Approach: Study of the whole person—the physical, psychological, and sociological aspects. Developed by Henry Murray, the TAT is a projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes.

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) After the test, psychologists would complete a content analysis: person’s life story and codes it for different images, words, and so forth. 22 different unconscious needs, but the most common 3 are: Need for achievement Need for affiliation Need for power

Rorschach Inkblot Test The most widely used projective test uses a set of 10 inkblots and was designed by Hermann Rorschach. It seeks to identify people’s inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots. Lew Merrim/ Photo Researcher, Inc.

Projective Tests: Criticisms Critics argue that projective tests lack both reliability (consistency of results) and validity (predicting what it is supposed to). When evaluating the same patient, even trained raters come up with different interpretations (reliability). 2. Projective tests may misdiagnose a normal individual as pathological (validity).

Personality Type Personality types, assessed by measures such as the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, consist of a number of traits. For example, a feeling type personality is sympathetic, appreciative, and tactful. More research is needed on this popular test’s validity. Sympathetic Appreciative Tactful Feeling Type Personality

Assessing Traits Personality inventories are questionnaires (often with true-false or agree-disagree items) designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors assessing several traits at once. OBJECTIVE 16| Explain how psychologists use personality inventories to assess traits, and discuss the most widely used of these inventories.

MMPI The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is the most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests. It was originally developed to identify emotional disorders. The MMPI was developed by empirically testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminated between diagnostic groups.

MMPI Test Profile T-score standardizes the mean at 50 making the 60 on SD above the mean.

Exploring the Self Please write about you: Explain: The self you hope to become The self you fear you will become The self you think you are to your friends The self you think you are with your family The self you are at school.

Self Esteem Should we give participation ribbons so no one feels left out? Explain.

Individualism vs Collectivism How can this impact our personality? First- and Second- generation immigrants have certain challenges. What pressures do they have? How were you raised: Individualist or a Collectivist? Both? Explain.