Revolution and change in france Chapter 23.2 Notes Revolution and change in france

The Revolution of 1830 At the end of the Napoleonic era, (1815) the Congress of Vienna restore Louis XVIII to the French throne. The French has a constitution and a legislature, but most of the power remain with the king.

The Revolution of 1830 A King Abdicates Louis XVIII dies his brother Charles X inherited the throne Charles tried to rule as an absolute monarchy He suspended the power of the legislature resulting in citizens revolting Within days they controlled Paris and Charles fled to England Metternich of Austria heard of the revolution and said “ my life’s work is destroyed”

The Revolution of 1830 The Reign of Louis Philippe The moderate liberal party would help start the revolution formed a constitutional monarchy and chose Louis Philippe to be the new king He was an aristocrat who was popular with the middle class He dressed like the middle class They called him the citizen king He did not act like a citizen king He increased the number of voters but only too the wealthy He limited freedom of the press Very repressive, silenced those who opposed him During his reign the working class grew poorer and the middle and upper class grew richer Popularity decrease in 1846 with an economic depression, life was worse for all but the upper class Revolution began again

Birth of a Republic The Revolution of 1848 The Revolution of 1848 began when the government banned a banquet for reformers Angry protestors took to the streets and Louis Philippe abdicated the throne and the monarchy came to an end The French citizens formed a republic and a new government, a republic with a President Voters elected Napoleons nephew Louis Napoleon, as President Era was known as the Second Republic 1st republic was under the national convention during the FR All adult males could vote and never lost it again Created support for a republican government Helped the women’s rights movement Began industrialization Economic prosperity

Birth of a Republic Napoleon II and the Second Empire The new constitution only allowed the President to serve for 4 years In 1851 LN wanted to remain in office so he sent troops to Paris and arrested the members of the National Assembly who opposed him He called for a national vote to decided if he should be given the power to draft a new constitution, Voters approved the measure In another vote the next year the people voted him the emperor Beginning the era known as the Second Empire Increased voting rights LN had absolute power Built many railroads which helped increase trade

Birth of a Republic The Third Republic In 1870 LN drew France into war with Prussia LN was captured by the Prussians and surrendered This shameful defeat led the French National Assembly to depose of LN and create the Third Republic After the capture of LN Prussia invaded France Prussia lost but cost France a lot of money Third Republic Reforms 1820 education available for children 6-13 1884- trade unions legalized 1900- work hours had been reduced 1906- new act passed that required employers to give their workers one day off a week

The Birth of a Republic The Dreyfus Affair All of these reforms did not solves France’s problems, divisions split French society In 1894 the divisions came to a break point know as the Dreyfus Affair which revealed the extent of anti-Semitism in France 1894 Alfred Dreyfus was a captain in the French army and a Jew He was falsely accused and convicted of betraying the French military and selling military secrets to the Germans Other military leaders knew he was not guilty but because they were anti-Semitic they allowed him to take the blame They held a public ceremony to humiliate him, the stripes from his uniform were ripped off and his sword broken, the crowd was shouting to kill him Later evidenced showed that another officer gave the information to the Germans but he was not Jewish and was not found guilty in court In 1897 military officers came forward with the true story but Dreyfus was not officially cleared until 1906

The Birth of the Republic The Dreyfus Affair The Dreyfus Affair divided France Emile Zola published an open letter in 1898 in defense of Dreyfus and accusing the French government of anti-Semitism This allowed the Dreyfus case to re-open This resulted in Anti-Semitic protests and Zola being put on trial and found guilty of libel The Dreyfus Affair had a huge impact on the growth of Jewish nationalism Theodor Herzl covered the Zola and Dreyfus trial was shocked by the anti-Semitism in France and he believed the root of the problem was that the Jewish people did not have a nation of their own Herzl published The Jewish State which outlined a plan for an independent Jewish country, developed by the help of other countries Herzl work help start Zionism- a Jewish nationalist movement to re-create a Jewish state in its original homeland By the 1900’s Zionist movement encouraged Jews to return to the Mediterranean, and many did