HW: Study for (last ever) unit test on Monday! Thursday May 18, 2017 I can: distinguish between vascular and nonvascular plants Agenda (10) Catalyst (20) GN: Plants and Adaptations (15) IP: Plants (30) Trashketball (5) Exit ticket Catalyst Name that unicellular adaptation! Long tail-like appendage used ONLY for locomotion. Small hairs used for movement and to sweep up food. Blob-like projections used for locomotion and to engulf food. Found in photosynthetic organisms to detect light. HW: Study for (last ever) unit test on Monday! Unit 6 Packet due MONDAY BY 3:00!

Exit Ticket Review

Exit Ticket Review

Exit Ticket Review

Time to Review! Watch unicellular adaptation videos from Tuesday

Multicellular/unicellular Prokaryotic/eukaryotic Plants are ALWAYS: Multicellular/unicellular Prokaryotic/eukaryotic Autotrophic/heterotrophic Means: many cells Means: has nucleus Means: does photosynthesis to get food Plant cells have 2 organelles that animals don’t: chloroplast and cell wall There are 2 main types of plants: non-vascular and vascular

Think What does it mean to say that plants are autotrophs? What 2 organelles do plant cells have that animals don’t? What are the 2 main types of plants?

Non-vascular Plants The oldest (most primitive) kind of plants Do not have roots, stems, leaves or vascular tissue (for transport) Also called bryophytes Example: moss, hornwort, liverwort Cannot grow tall

Think What is the most primitive type of plant? What is an example of a non-vascular plant? Why do you think non-vascular plants can’t grow tall?

Vascular Plants Evolved more recently Have a transport system (called vascular tissue) Examples: palm tree, pine tree, grass LOOK FAMILIAR?

Know these parts of a plant. flower leaf stem roots

Basic Plant Anatomy Leaves: are green so they absorb sunlight to do photosynthesis! They contain the pigment chlorophyll Roots: go into the ground to absorb water and nutrients Stem: goes from the roots to the leaves, so is used to transport materials and for support

There are 2 types of vascular tissue: xylem & phloem Xylem: used to transport water Phloem: used to transport nutrients (think phloem and food) THINK: In which direction does xylem transport water? In which direction does phloem transport nutrients?

Adaptations REMEMBER: An adaptation is a trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce Plants have adaptations to match their environment Example: If you didn’t have much sunlight, you would want big leaves

the xylem transports water A plant needs to transport a lot of water It would need because a big xylem the xylem transports water

leaves cause it to lose water A plant lives in a dry desert environment It would need because fewer leaves leaves cause it to lose water

Plant Reproduction and Classification

Plant Reproduction Plants reproduce in 2 ways: 1. Spores: Small, tough particles that do not contain much food for the new plant Reproduction by spores is more simple and does not use as much energy. (This makes sense because plants that use them are more primitive)

2. Seeds: Usually larger than spores because they contain food for the new plant Reproduction by seeds is more complex.

Plant Reproduction All plants normally have both male and female parts. The male part produces pollen (just like male animals produce sperm). The female part produces ovules (just like the female animals produce eggs).

Plant Reproduction Because plants cannot move fertilization happens differently with plants. Plants have 2 main strategies for fertilization. 1. Air: Plants use the wind to spread their pollen to other nearby plants and fertilize the ovule. These plants often have cones and no flowers

2. Flowers: Plants use animals to spread their pollen to other nearby plants. The animal will come to the flower and get covered in pollen, then go to the next flower and transfer the pollen to the ovule.

15 minutes IP: Plants (and IP: Unicellular Adaptations if not finished from Tuesday)

It’s time for… TRASHKETBALL!

How did Charles Darwin use the theory of natural selection? to explain how species change over time to survive to map the movement of tortoises in the Galapagos Islands to determine which finches to study aboard the HMS Beagle to survive on the Galapagos islands during his studies of evolution

Scientists believe the atmosphere of early Earth was incapable of supporting aerobic organisms. Which best explains this belief? There was no water in the environment. Photosynthesis was occurring too slowly. Multicellular organisms used up the water. Free oxygen was missing from the environment.

How have most species living today been able to survive changes in their environment and successfully reproduce? interbreeding natural selection asexual reproduction acquired characteristics

Which best describes the first unicellular organisms on Earth? aerobic and eukaryotic aerobic and prokaryotic anaerobic and eukaryotic anaerobic and prokaryotic

Which will scientists most likely use to classify a newly discovered organism? knowledge of diet biochemical makeup location where found physical characteristics

How is biochemistry used to provide evidence for evolution? by comparing blood cells of different species by comparing DNA or RNA of different species by comparing reproductive cycles of different species by comparing the anatomical similarities of different species

How does pesticide resistance in insects lead to the evolution of the overall insect species? The species will develop different eating methods to avoid the pesticides. Insects surviving pesticide applications will become weaker and will eventually die. Farmers use different pesticides to kill the insects, eliminating the species. Pesticide-resistant insects will survive and reproduce, increasing the percentage of pesticide-resistant insects in the population.

Which best describes how resistance to antibiotics will aid in the evolution and survival of bacteria? Bacteria resistant to antibiotics will survive, reproduce, and pass on their resistance to the next generation. The mutation that causes bacteria to become resistant also causes quicker reproduction with increased survival rates. The presence of the antibiotics reduces competition between the bacteria present, which will allow some bacteria to survive. Resistance to antibiotics allows bacteria to cause a stronger disease-like reaction in an organism.

Which best explains why the first organisms on Earth were anaerobic? lack of water lack of oxygen too much water too much oxygen

Which factor is least likely to contribute to a natural selection within a population? a high rate of reproduction variations within a population an abundance of food resources competition within the population

Two populations of mice are separated, and over a long period of time, the two groups become genetically different. Which mechanism most likely led to the development of the two species? coevolution adaptive advantage geographic isolation reproductive isolation

What is the accepted system used by scientists across the world to classify organisms? Darwin principle Binomial nomenclature Dichotomous key Taxonomical ranking

Two organisms belong to the same class Two organisms belong to the same class. They also belong to which other category of classification? Genus Order Phylum Species

Which best describes how eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms are similar? Both have nuclei. Both have ribosomes. Both have a cell wall. Both have membraine-bound organelles.

Based on Carolus Linnaeus’ system, which organism would be most closely related to an organism belonging to the following taxa? Family: Canidae Genus: Canis Species: lupus Family: Canidae, Genus: Canis, species: rufus Family: Hominidae, Genus: Homo, species: lupus Family: Canidae, Genus: Domesticus, species: lupus Family: Equidae, Genus: Canis, species: lupus

Lynx rufus is the scientific name for the bobcat Lynx rufus is the scientific name for the bobcat. Which word represents the species, and which name is the genus of the bobcat? species: rufus, genus: lynx species: felix, genus: rufus species: rufus, genus: carnivora species: lynx, genus: rufus

Why are vascular tissues in plants important? for reproduction for photosynthesis for anchoring plants into the soil for transporting water and nutrients

Nutrients are produced in a plant’s leaves during photosynthesis Nutrients are produced in a plant’s leaves during photosynthesis. How are these nutrients transported from the leaves to the roots for storage? The nutrients are absorbed into the roots from the stems. The xylem carries the nutrients from the leaves to the roots. The cambium carries the nutrients to the roots from the leaves. The phloem carries the nutrients from the leaves to the roots.

Which classification best describes mosses? angiosperm gymnosperm nonvascular vascular

A certain species of plant is able to survive in areas where the amount of sunlight each day is limited. Which physical characteristic would be most advantageous for the survival of the plant? thick leaves colorful flowers large leaves absence of flowers

Which immune response is passed from mother to child through breast feeding? active cell-mediated humoral passive

The immune system helps to protect the human body from pathogens The immune system helps to protect the human body from pathogens. Which action would most likely cause the immune system to develop long-term protection against a particular pathogen? taking enzymes to prove the immune system taking vitamins to strengthen the immune system receiving a vaccine developed to fight the pathogen receiving an injection of an antibiotic to kill the pathogen

Which vector is responsible for the transmission of malaria? ticks mosquitoes syringes or needles human to human contact

Why are some viral diseases such as HIV hard to treat? Antibiotics cannot penetrate the viral cell wall. Viruses use the components of drugs to create new viruses. The nucleic acid in a virus can mutate with each replication. The rate of viral replication increases when antibiotics are taken.