USI.7 A NEW GOVERNMENT USI.7A identify the weaknesses of the government established by the Articles of Confederation. USI.7B identify the basic principles of the new government established by the Constitution of the United States of America and the Bill of Rights. USI.7C identify the conflicts that resulted in the emergence of two political parties. USI.7D describe the major accomplishments of the first five presidents of the United States.

A NEW GOVERNMENT USI.7A-D “From many (states), One (nation)” - Latin America (2)

FEDERAL SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT The powers of the government are divided between national government and the state governments (50) (Division of Power) The Constitution is the basis for the United States Government. It is the supreme law of the land.

CONSTITUTION OF U.S. James Madison called “Father of the Constitution PREAMBLE – introduction “We the people…” ARTICLES Article I = Legislative Branch Article II= Executive Branch Article III= Judicial Branch Article IV= “Full faith and Credit” (states) Article V= How to Amend Constitution Articles VI & VII= debts and ratification AMENDMENTS (27 as of 2005) First 10 are the Bill of Rights The Thunderer: Sousa (2)

STRUCTURE OF THE U.S. GOVERNMENT LEGISLATIVE EXECUTIVE JUDICIAL Makes the laws Enforces the laws Decides if laws are Constitutional Congress of 2 houses: Senate & House of Representatives President, Vice President, & Cabinet Supreme Court & Other courts Meets in Capitol Meets in White House Meets in Supreme Court Building

LEGISLATIVE BRANCH (CONGRESS) Senate Equal Representation (2 votes per state: 100 now) Term: 6 years Qualifications: 30 years old, resident of state, U.S. citizen for 9 years Head: Vice President of U.S or President Pro Tempore House of Representatives Representation is based on population (435 now) Term: 2 years Qualifications: 25 years old, resident of state, U.S. citizen for 7 years Head: Speaker of the House “There’s a Good Time Coming”: Stephen Foster (1)

EXECUTIVE BRANCH President, V. President Term: 4 years Qualifications: 35 years old, 14 year resident of the U.S., and natural born U.S. Citizen Elected by Electoral College System Popular vote picks electors Electoral Vote picks President & V. Pres. #Electors = #senators + #representatives “Hail to the Chief” – President (1)

JUDICIAL BRANCH SUPREME COURT (9 JUSTICES) Chief Justice is head of court Qualifications: none Term: life or upon good behavior Appointed by the President and approved by the Senate Determines if laws are constitutional “Ghost Busters” (1)

CHECKS AND BALANCES LEGISLATIVE BRANCH EXECUTIVE BRANCH White House Capitol Building LEGISLATIVE BRANCH EXECUTIVE BRANCH JUDICIAL BRANCH President appoints Supreme Court President vetoes bills President proposes laws Senate approves appointments Congress makes laws Congress overrides vetoes Congress impeaches 1. Court rules on all laws Supreme Court Building “God Bless the USA” (1)

BILL OF RIGHTS (FIRST 10 AMENDMENTS) Freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly, & petition. Keep and bear arms. No quartering of soldiers in homes. Unreasonable search & seizure; warrants. Do not have to testify in a trial. Speedy trial; confront witnesses. Trial by jury. No cruel and unusual punishments. Other rights guaranteed. Powers reserved to the states & people. “Fanfare for the Common Man” (1)

MAJOR PARTY DIFFERENCES ALEXANDER HAMILTON Federalists Strong National Government Limits on states’ powers For National Bank Favored development of industry on a national scale THOMAS JEFFERSON Democratic-Republicans Weak National Government Supported states’ powers Opposed National Bank Favored small business and farmers “Redneck Girl” (1)

GEORGE WASHINGTON Federal court system established Political Parties began (Hamilton/Jefferson) Bill of Rights added to Constitution Plans for new capital begun “Washington Post March: Sousa (1)

JOHN ADAMS Two-party system emerged a. Federalists (Strong national gov’t.) b. Democratic-Republicans (Strong state gov’t.) “I Will Follow Him” (1)

THOMAS JEFFERSON Bought Louisiana from France (LA Purchase) Lewis & Clark explore it “I’d Like to Teach the World to Sing” (1)

JAMES MADISON War of 1812 caused European nations to gain respect for the United States Old Ironsides Map of Battles U.S.S. Constitution “Battle of New Orleans” (1) “Star Spangled Banner” – Francis Scott Key

JAMES MONROE Issued the Monroe Doctrine warning European nations not to interfere in the Western Hemisphere. “The Beat Goes On” (1)