Reproduction, Growth and Development in Living Organisms

Reproduction Defined Who can reproduce? Types of Reproduction A species is defined as a group of similar organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring Types of Reproduction Asexual: formation of offspring from a single parent Sexual: two parents join together to form a new individual

Kingdom Protista Reproduction Growth and Development Asexual Reproduction: one protist splits into two Once Protists become too large to maintain a balanced environment, they will begin the reproduction process.

Kingdom Plantae Spores Seeds Single reproductive cell that can grow into a new organism Adaptation for life on land because it is light weight and easily carried by wind Reproductive structure that contains a plant embryo Provide a protective coat and nutrients until the embryo germinates Two types of seed producing plants: Angiosperms Gymnosperms

Ferns: Seedless vascular Plants

Ferns: Spores on underside of leaves

Reproduction with Spores: Fern Sperm Spores being released Spores on the underside of fern Egg Zygote (Fertilized Egg) Mature Fern

Reproduction with Seeds Gymnosperms (“naked seed”) Reproduce using male and female cones Male Cone: produces pollen Female Cone: contains eggs

Life Cycle of A Gymnosperm

Gymnosperm Seeds

Reproduction with Seeds Angiosperms Reproduce using flowers with male and female parts. An ovary(fruit) grows around the zygote. The flowers also act to attract pollinators, such as bees, butterflies, and other insects.

Life cycle of an Angiosperm

Angiosperm Fruit https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ttRgMj7PdQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q80pcN0lp8s

Kingdom Animalia External Fertilization Internal Fertilization Sperm and egg meet outside of the body Sperm and egg meet inside the female body.

External Fertilization Frogs spawning https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q50Yphp1gzI

Growth and Development

Kingdom Plantae Germination A plant growing from a seed or a spore

Kingdom Animalia Metamorphosis Transforming from an immature form to an adult form Complete Metamorphosis Incomplete Metamorphosis

Kingdom Animalia Amniotic Egg Allowed the first reptiles to colonize land

Kingdom Animalia: Class Mammalia Marsupial Mammals Placental Mammals Young develop for a short time in the mother and then complete their development in a pouch located on the outside of their mother Give birth to live young that developed in the mother’s uterus Placenta An organ that passes nutrients and oxygen between mother and developing embryo

Marsupial Mammals https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2lCKc8tURtc

Placental Mammals https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1kZW8e79Bm0