Three-Phase Systems Professor Mohamed A. El-Sharkawi

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
EE369 POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS
Advertisements

Chapter 12 Three Phase Circuits
Chapter 12 Three-Phase Circuits
BASIC ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY Chapter 3 - Three Phase System
ECE 201 Circuit Theory I1 Instantaneous Power. ECE 201 Circuit Theory I2 Reference for t = 0 Call t = 0 when the current is passing through a positive.
ECE 4411 Introduction to Three-Phase Power. ECE 4412 Typical Transformer Yard.
Steady-State Sinusoidal Analysis
Balanced Three-Phase Circuits
Chapter 12 Three Phase Circuits
Chapter 12 Three-Phase Circuit Analysis
EET 103 Chapter 3 (Lecture 1) Three Phase System.
THREE PHASE CIRCUIT.
Balanced 3-phase systems Unbalanced 3-phase systems
Passive Elements and Phasor Diagrams
Chapter 5 Steady-State Sinusoidal Analysis. 1. Identify the frequency, angular frequency, peak value, rms value, and phase of a sinusoidal signal. 2.
AC POWER ANALYSIS Instantaneous & Average Power
BALANCED THREE-PHASE CIRCUITS
Pharos University EE-272 Electrical Power Engineering 1
Branch : Computer Engineering
Alexander-Sadiku Fundamentals of Electric Circuits
1 ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT ET 201  Become familiar with the operation of a three phase generator and the magnitude and phase relationship.  Be able to calculate.
Review 1. Review of Phasors Goal of phasor analysis is to simplify the analysis of constant frequency ac systems: v(t) = V max cos(  t +  v ), i(t)
Power System Fundamentals EE-317 Lecture 3 06 October 2010.
Fundamentals of Electric Circuits Chapter 12
1 1. Power and RMS Values. 2 Instantaneous power p(t) flowing into the box Circuit in a box, two wires +−+− Circuit in a box, three wires +−+− +−+− Any.
1 Figure 7.1, 7.2 Chapter 7: AC PowerCurrent and voltage waveforms for illustration of AC power.
Guided by: Sudhir pandey
ELECTRICA L ENGINEERING Principles and Applications SECOND EDITION ALLAN R. HAMBLEY ©2002 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Chapter 5 Steady-State Sinusoidal Analysis.
EKT103 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Three-Phase System 1 by Dr Rosemizi Abd Rahim Click here to watch the three phase animation video
THREE PHASE POWER Generation Transportation Consumption.
ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY (EET 103) PN HAZIAH ABDUL HAMID.
EKT103 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING [ ENT 163 ]
MUZAIDI BIN MARZUKI PPKSE.
FUNDAMENTAL OF ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS (EE 270)
NEUTRAL CURRENT IS NOT ZERO
EKT103 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Chapter 1 Three-Phase System Dr. Rosemizi Abdul Rahim Dr. Amir Razif Arief Jamil Abdullah ( ) Dr. Junita Mohd Nordin.
Lesson 31: Three Phase Sources and Loads
Transformer Professor Mohamed A. El-Sharkawi
Chapter 12 Three Phase Circuits
BASIC ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY Chapter 3 - Three Phase System
Electric Circuits (EELE 2312)
Sinusoidal Excitation of Circuits
Lesson 34: AC Generators II
Three-Phase System Three phase systems Faculty of IIITN Ratnakar N.
Engineering Circuit Analysis
DKT213 ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY
Why are the transmission lines high-voltage, three-phase and AC?
site.iugaza.edu.ps/ajasser
Lesson 4: Three Phase Sources and Loads
Energy Conversion and Transport George G. Karady & Keith Holbert
1. Power and RMS Values.
Electromechanical Systems
AC circuits Physics /23/2018 Lecture XIX.
Circuits II EE221 Unit 12 Instructor: Kevin D. Donohue
Electrical Engineering Principle DNT 235/3
Introduction to Three-Phase Power
Utilisation of Electrical Energy
ELL100: INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL ENGG.
ELL100: INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL ENGG.
Three Phase Circuits Chapter Objectives:
ECE 333 Green Energy Systems
The instantaneous power
Generator Equations Galore
Power system operation and control
Passive Elements and Phasor Diagrams
BALANCE THREE PHASE SYSTEM
Power System Analysis (EELE 4351)
Presentation transcript:

Three-Phase Systems Professor Mohamed A. El-Sharkawi El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington Single Phase El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington AC Waveform One Cycle Voltage or Current Peak Maximum Time El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington ac Waveform El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington AC Representation w t v El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington How AC is Generated Stator N S Rotor Windings El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington X N S  ϕ 900 2700 Angle 1800 3600 El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington Alternating Current v N S N S N S N S . N S N S N S N S N S El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington Reference V2 w t v 1 2 q El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington Reference V2 w t v 1 2 q El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

v i Voltage and Current can be Out of Phase load V I + _ i v q w t V I is the phase shift of current also known as the power factor angle It is due to the presence of inductive and capacitive elements. El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington Example If V=120 V and Z=4 + j3 , calculate the current and power factor. V Z I + _ Lagging V I Notice that the pf angle is the angle of the impedance El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington Polarities Z I + _ Load V I + _ Source El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington Three-Phase El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington Three-Phase va N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S I b vb I a vc I c El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

Three-Phase Generator El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington Three-phase system v aa' bb' cc' Reference 120o vaa’ vbb’ vcc’ 120o 120o Time El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

Why do we use 3-phase systems? Three-phase system produces rotating magnetic field. Three-phase motors can start without the need for extra equipment. For the same physical size, a three-phase generator produces more power than a single phase generator. Three-phase lines transmit more power. Three-phase lines are more reliable. In distribution circuit, you can operate the system with one missing phase. El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

c b a ¢ ¢ c b ¢ a How is Three-Phase System Connected? X X X El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

How is Three-Phase System Connected? Any three-phase generator has 6 terminal wires Transmitting 6 wire over a long distance is expensive Instead, three-wire system is used by connecting the six wires as Y or Delta El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington Y-Connected Source a n c ¢ b ¢ X X c b X a ¢ El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington Y-Connected Source El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington Y-Connected Source c c v cn v an Reference n a v bn El-Sharkawi@University of Washington b

Delta-Connected Source ¢ b ¢ X X c b X a ¢ El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

Delta () Connection: Source El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

Phase and LineVoltages El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington c Phase voltage v cn v an Reference a n a b v bn c b v an v bn v cn n El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington cn c Line-to-line voltage v bc v ca n v an a n c b a Reference v ca v ab v bn b v ab v bc El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington ca n v bn cn an v ab -v bn Reference v bc Reference v ab ca bc bn b n an a cn c El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington Keep in mind Unless stated in the problems, the following assumptions are to be used: All voltages are line-to-line quantities All powers are for the three phases El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington Example Let v ab Calculate the line-to-line voltage Vab v an Reference El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington Main Conclusions Line-to-line voltage is greater than phase voltage by Line-to-line voltage leads phase voltage by El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington Y-Load connection Load Most loads are connected in Y To have access to the ground potential To balance the voltage across the load Each load impedance (Z) is called load impedance Voltage across the load impedance is called load voltage Load current a + Three-phase feeder I Z a I b n Z Z + + b I c El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

Main Conclusions for Y-Connected Load Load voltage is equal to the Phase voltage Line current is equal to load current by El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

Delta-Load connection Mostly in industrial loads No Access to ground Used to increase voltage across the load Each load impedance (Z) is called load impedance Voltage across the load impedance is called load voltage Load current a - + Three-phase feeder Ica Z Iab Z - + c Z b - + Ibc El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

Y-Connection Source and Load Line current Transmission Line Source Load I Load current a a a + + I Z V I a an a I n b n V V Z Z cn bn + I c + + b c + b I I I b c c b I c El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington For balanced system El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington cn I c q n V an Reference I b q V bn I a q El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

Neutral Current of Balanced Load I c For balanced system I a I b El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

Single-Phase Representation Ia Va Va Z Ia + _ El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

Delta () Connection Source and Load Line current Transmission Line Source Load Phase current I Load current a a a - + - + Ica Ica Z Iab Iab Z V ca V - ab + - + I c Z b c b b - + V bc Ibc - + Ibc I c El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

Delta () Connection: Source Ia a _ Ica + Ia is line current Iab is generator current Vca Vab Iab _ Ib + b Vbc c _ + Ibc Ic El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington Kirchhoff’s Current law at node a Transmission Line Load I Load current c c - + Ibc Ica Reference v bc ab ca a b c Z Z - q + I b Z a a - + Iab I q b q Voltage Diagram Vab is chosen reference El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington Line Currents Reference v bc ab ca a b c V ab Refere q I ab q I ca I bc q q El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington Line Currents V ab Refere q I ab 300 I ca -Ica I a El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington Example Iab V ab q 300 Let Reference 100 I Calculate the phase current Iab of a delta circuit a El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

Main Conclusions for Delta-Connected Load Load voltage is equal to the line-to-line voltage Line current is greater than load current by Line current lags the load current by El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington Mixed Connection Line current Transmission Line Source Load Phase current I Load current a a a + I Z Ica a Iab V ca V I ab b n Z Z - I c b c b I b c V bc Ibc I c El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington Y- Transformation a b c Ia Ib Ic Z a b c Ia Ib Ic ZY El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington Y- Transformation El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington Y- Transformation a b c Ia Ib Ic Z a b c Ia Ib Ic ZY THEN El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington Example 1. Calculate the current of the load 2. Calculate the equivalent Y load 3. Calculate the load current of the equivalent Y load b c Ia Ic Van = 120 v a Ib Z = 4 + j 3 El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington b c Ia Ic Van Ib Z Part 1: Part 2: Part 3: The load current in  load is equal to El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington Example Calculate the line current Z2 = 12 - j 9 Z1 = 4 + j 3 Ia a b c Van = 120 v c b b c Ic El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington Change delta to Y Z2y = 4 - j 3 Z1 = 4 + j 3 Ia a b c Van = 120 v b b c c Ic El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington Zeq = 25/8  Ia a b c Van = 120 v b c Ic El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

Instantaneous Electric Power [p(t)] V I Fixed average Zero average El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

Instantaneous Electric Power [p(t)] El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington Real Power (Average P) El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington Real Power (Average P) p wt El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington Reactive Power [Q] Important points! Frequency of h(t) is double the frequency of supply voltage Average value of h(t) is zero w t h(t) q p El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington Real power Reactive power El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington Complex Power (S) IMPORTANT  is the power factor angle V I Real Power Reactive Power El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

Power of 3-phase circuits Iphase Vphase For Single phase IMPORTANT  is the angle between phase voltage and phase current. Use voltage as a reference For 3-phase El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

Real Power in Delta Circuit b c Ia Ib Ic Iab Ica Ibc + _ El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

Reactive Power in Delta Circuit b c Ia Ib Ic Iab Ica Ibc + _ El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington Real Power in Y Circuit a b c Ia Ib Ic Va Vc Vb El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

Reactive Power in Y Circuit b c Ia Ib Ic Va Vc Vb El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington Example Calculate the load power b c Ia Ic Van = 120 v a Ib Z = 4 - j 3 El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington b c Ia Ic Van Ib Z V ab I ca V an 300 q n I ab I bc 300 I a El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington

El-Sharkawi@University of Washington Method #1 Method #2 Keep in mind The pf angle is the angle of the load impedance. It is the same as the angle between the phase voltage and the phase current El-Sharkawi@University of Washington El-Sharkawi@University of Washington