Frameworks for Law Libraries in the 21st Century A Presentation for the Peking University Law School Paul D. Callister, JD, MSLIS Director of the Leon E. Bloch Law Library & Associate Professor of Law UMKC School of Law callisterp@umkc.edu

How to Measure the Library? – The Blind Men and the Elephant

How to Measure a Library? Library as Stacks Library as Portal Library as Social Knowledge Networks Library as User Behavior Library as Place

Library as Stacks Ownership Collection Mix Browsing Size (Volumes & Titles) Uniqueness Preservation

Library as Portal Electronic Resources Electronic Licensing Digital Projects Utility of the Web Site Traffic on Web Site Number of Web Guides and Tutorials http://www1.law.umkc.edu/library/

Library as Social Knowledge Networks An organization’s principal value is not its physical assets, but what the organization knows – both the information it accesses and stores and the collective knowledge, wisdom and social relationships of the organization’s members.

Library as Social Knowledge Networks Qualifications of librarians Relationship of faculty and students to librarians Pursuit and facilitation of scholarship Instruction and presentations Participation in professional organizations Community partnerships

Library as User Behavior Research Skills & Information Literacy Education is Different than Training Need Frameworks for Problem-Solving Teach Students to be Information Professionals Information Consumption Reference Traffic Circulation Interlibrary Loan Catalog Use Web Site and Web Guide Traffic

Research Skills and Information Literacy: The Librarian as Teacher

Training v. Education The pilot and copilot did exactly what they were trained to do, but the plane crashed anyway because they failed to think. . . . Tom Woodall, Engineering Fellow at Raytheon, commenting on the crash of a passenger jet

The Problem Find Ursa Major and Draco

The Solution

“We do not first see, and then define, We define first, and then see “We do not first see, and then define, We define first, and then see.” --Walter Lippmann, Public Opinion 81 (7th printing, 1961)

Structural Frameworks How it works From the designer’s perspective Doesn’t reveal how it functions (or how to operate it)

Functional Frameworks How to use it From the user’s perspective Minimum of necessary information

On Schema in Human-Computer Interface “A schema is a diagrammatic outline of something that conveys its essential characteristics. One understands incoming information to the extent that it conforms to our schema or ways of knowing. If it fits a predefined pattern, it can be understood and incorporated into the knowledge base. If it doesn't, it is gibberish.” Kent L. Norman, The Psychology of Menu Selection: Designing Cognitive Control at the Human/Computer Interface § 4.3.2 (1991) (available at http://www.lap.umd.edu/poms/).

Using Schemata as Frameworks

For Example: A Metaphorical Framework Emphasizes characteristics by another object (the metaphor) in which the features are more pronounced. Accomplished by overlaying subject with metaphor.

Five Research Frameworks Research Cycle Problem Typing Precision and Recall Mediation v. Disintermediation or “Man v. Machine” Reiterative Searching

No. 1. - The Research Cycle

No. 2 - What Kind of Problem is It? The table is based upon a similar taxonomy developed in Jean L. Sears & Marilyn K. Moody, Using Government Information Sources:  Print and Electronic 6-9 (2nd ed., 1994).

Not Man v. Machine, but Print v. Electronic Emphasizes the “big picture” Depicts one or more subjects in relation to the whole Genus or family is important Known Item Subject

Problem Typing: Man v. Machine Emphasizes the “big picture” Depicts one or more subjects in relation to the whole Genus or family is important Known Item Subject Putting it Together

No. 3. - Precision & Recall

No. 4 - Man v. Machine “But before I let your steam drill beat me down I’ll die with a hammer in my hand . . . .” --Ballad of John Henry Marble bust of Sabina wife of Hadrian. Photo by mharrsch's Hecules and Cacus By Bandinelli Piazza Della Signoria, Florence Photo By Yan Glutter ASIMO, the world's most advanced humanoid robot. Photo by HapaKorean's

Mediated v. Non-Mediated Man v. Machine

5. Reiterative Searching

Reiterative Searching

Library as User Behavior Research Skills & Information Literacy Education is Different than Training Need Frameworks for Problem-Solving Teach Students to be Information Professionals Information Consumption Reference Traffic Circulation Interlibrary Loan Catalog Use Web Site and Web Guide Traffic

Libraries as Place The library is a place where knowledge and information freely dwell to define, empower, preserve, challenge, connect, entertain and transform individuals, cultures and communities. . . .The essence of its communal role is not the technological mastery over knowledge and information, but rather the provision of sanctuary for human thought and expression in any medium. Vision of the Communal Role of Libraries. Endorsed the 31st day March, 2005 by Faculty, Fellows and Observers of the Salzburg Seminar, Libraries in the 21st Century, hosted Oct. 23-30, 2004, Schloss Leopoldskron, Salzburg, Austria

The End