“Responsive Housing Forms for Seniors” An Overview of “Responsive Housing Forms for Seniors” in Residential Tourism Market of Spain Elham Ghabouli * , Carlos Marmolejo * PhD student, Center of Land Policy and Valuation, Faculty of Architecture, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Spain e.ghabouli@gmail.com

Introduction Aging Europe International Retirement Migration Second Home Tourism/ Residential Tourism / Real Estate Tourism

The problem of study raised by Aging Europe Retired population Retirement Migration Real Estate Tourism / Second Home Tourism Seniors’ residential requirements The Aim: Responsive Housing Forms

Literature Review Residential Tourism: Negative Impacts Non-dynamic accommodation / seasonally a minimum multiplier effect on local economies + negative effects for local employment (Mazon, 2006) Higher social heterogeneity & residential segregation (Dominguez et al, 2011) Gentrification (Solana, 2010; Curry et al., 2001; Dirksmeier, 2008; Findlay et al., 2000) Higher prices new social homogeneity (Murdoch, 1998; Phillips, 1993; Smith and Phillips, 2001; Smith, 2002) Land consumption/ water supply massive and normally non-local housing styles Literature Review Residential Tourism: Negative Impacts

Case study Spanish Mediterranean Coastal Areas Residential tourism 1970 onward Promotor of urban development in Spanish coasts Real estate market Spain Torrevieja, Spain 1970-2015

Case study Spanish Mediterranean Coastal Areas Negative impacts Rapid growth and lack of planning Some areas are in the Phase of Stagnation or even Decline (based on Tourist Area Life Cycle theory) Lack of contemporary activities Urban Sprawl

Methodological approach Study on Senior residence models may conclude to “develop a model for future residential projects” In tourist areas 1- Study on American Senior residences (5types) 2- Study on European Innovations (2examples) 3- Elderly Requirements in Second Homes

1- study on American residence models United States Senior Housing category: Skilled nursing Independent living homes Congregate senior housing Assisted living Continuing care communities (1+2+3)

Skilled nursing Individual/Shared rooms like a Hospital Dependent seniors 24 h medical care Hospital type

Independent living homes (Retirement Community) Independent flats/house in a community Younger Senior residents convenient services Housekeeping , dining, laundry, transportation, recreational activities, exercise equipment senior-friendly environment

Congregate senior housing Bring services to individual units (One level up to ILF) 70-250 units and mostly for rental Hotel type services one bedroom/studio units Shared dining & other shared facilities

Assisted living Residential housing, assistance in daily activities and some healthcare

Continuing care communities The most complex and largest elderly housing type independent housing, congregate, assisted living and nursing care Campus form

Choosing models to be used as second home: In “second home tourism” has “independent retirees” More Independence residence models family life The Location (sub -urban, urban) depends on the area Housekeeping Services and other amenities Levels of Medical care Housing tenure

Analysis of U.S Senior residence models

2- study on “European Innovations” Las Arcadias, Spain

New Residential innovations: 2. Algarve Retirement village, Portugal

3- Elderly Requirements in Second Homes These requirement are not so distinct from the seniors’ regular requirements in the principal residence Residential problems of older people: 1) accessibility and mobility 2) Substandard housing and rehabilitation need 3) The difficulties of affordability and social inequality constructional criteria for elder-friendly features in their flats in tourist areas we faced with non-senior specific accommodations

Conclusion and suggestions   Independent living homes, Assisted living and Congregate senior housing or a complex as continuing care facilities seem adaptable as second home facilities in tourist areas Adapted senior models offer care services and create job opportunities (a solution for the problem) These residences shape as a community/compact reduce the land consumption and urban sprawl new residential innovations:  Luxury/Upper class may be transformed for middle-class Actual tourist accommodations in coastal areas senior residence (a value-added strategy)

Thank you for your attention