Geologic Evolution of Eastern North America

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Presentation transcript:

Geologic Evolution of Eastern North America Maps after slide two by Ronald Blakey, Northern Arizona University and downloaded from http://cpgeosystems.com/globaltext2.html PowerPoint by Martin Schmidt Slide 21 edited from Blakey slide 22.

Rodinia - about 1 billion years ago. Baltimore Gneiss forms in Grenville Mountains, later exposed by erosion & then subsides at the continent edge as rifting occurs. Rodinia supercontinent- about 1 billion years ago. Source: hhmi BioInteractive EarthViewer

Early Cambrian 540 mya (550-530) Part of South America moving away

Late Cambrian 500 mya (505-495) created by subduction zone Volcanic islands 30o S

Early Ordovician 485 mya (488-480) Iapetus Ocean Islands move closer to North America Iapetus Ocean

Taconic Mtns formed late Ordovician Late Silurian 420 mya (425-418) Collison of island arc creates mountains Sediments deposited in varying shallow seas here will make the rocks we find in western MD today. Continued motion toward North America Taconic Mtns formed late Ordovician

Acadian Mtns formed in Devonian Late Devonian 375 mya (380-370) Africa (part of Gondwana) relativemotion Further collisions create new mountains. 30o S Acadian Mtns formed in Devonian

Early Mississippian 345 mya (350-345) Africa (part of Gondwana) relativemotion

Pangaea Middle Pennsylvanian 308 mya (311-307) Alleghanian Mtns formed about 310 mya

Pangaea Early Permian 280 mya (282-275) Collision continuing over a long time creates high mountains.

rifting Early Triassic 245 mya (247-245) Rifting and sediments here will later become the Frederick Valley.

Middle Jurassic 170 mya (175-169) Africa relativemotion 30o N

Early Cretaceous 130 mya (130-135) Atlantic Ocean 30o Africa relativemotion 30o Atlantic Ocean

Early (“Mid”) Cretaceous 105 mya (110-100) Start of a long period of shoreline location movements - deposition of sediments in shallow water creates the Coastal Plain

Late Cretaceous (Santonian) 85 mya (87-83)

Paleogene (Paleocene) 60 mya (62-58) 30o N

Paleogene (Eocene) 50 mya (52-48)

Paleogene (Eocene-Oligocene) 35 mya (36-33) Meteorite impact occurs in what will be SE Virginia.

Neogene (Early Miocene) 20 mya (22-19)

Neogene (Pliocene) 5 mya (6-4)

20,000 ya Glaciers Shorelines move out as ocean water becomes locked up in glacier ice on land. During low sea levels in ice ages, Susquehanna and other rivers cut deep channels, draining toward old impact depression.

Present Chesapeake Bay forms as rising sea levels flood the river valleys.