The Power of Plants in Constructed Wetlands

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Presentation transcript:

The Power of Plants in Constructed Wetlands C.J.Mulkeen, C.D.Williams, M.J.Gormally, M.G.Healy Applied Ecology Unit, NUI Galway, Ireland Civil Engineering, NUI Galway, Ireland IPC 2017, Montréal

Constructed wetlands (CWs)

Vegetation Biodiversity Particulate trapping Nutrient & metal uptake Flow resistance Surface area for microbes Insulation

Research Question 1 What are the seasonal patterns of nutrients and metals in Phragmites australis?

What is the biodiversity value of constructed wetlands? Research Question 2 What is the biodiversity value of constructed wetlands?

What are the seasonal patterns of nutrients and metals in Phragmites australis?

In the laboratory

In the laboratory Nutrients – N, P Metals - Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Cd, Pb

Biomass (g m-2) Aboveground average standing stock (mg m-2) Concentration (mg kg -1 )

Biomass (g m-2) Aboveground average standing stock (mg m-2) Concentration (mg kg -1 )

Metals Aboveground average standing stock (mg m-2) Concentration (mg kg -1 ) Concentration (mg kg -1 ) Aboveground average standing stock (mg m-2) Aboveground average standing stock (mg m-2)

Research Question 1 Harvest in Autumn Implications for industrial settings Further studies required

What is the biodiversity value of constructed wetlands? Research Question 2 What is the biodiversity value of constructed wetlands?

Agriculture Infilling Development Relative extent (1970 = 1)

Life cycle Breeding water bodies Adult Egg Newt larvae

Study sites

Habitat mapping Mapped using Fossitt (2000) Applied a Habitat Suitability Index (Oldham et al., 2000)

Constructed wetland Bare ground

Constructed wetland

Improved agricultural grassland Amenity grassland Scrub Constructed wetland Grassy verge Buildings/artificial surfaces

Features

36% Irish fauna Invertebrates Diptera: Sciomyzidae Sciomyza dryomyzina Tetanocera freyi

Conclusions Autumn harvest is best for nutrient and metal removal! CWs can act as a haven for the smooth newt! Early research indicates the importance of CWs for aerial invertebrates

Acknowledgements Environmental Protection Agency NUI, Galway Galway, Mayo, Roscommon & Leitrim local authorities

Habitat Suitability Index Category HSI Criteria Good 1 Extensive area of habitat that offers good opportunities for foraging and shelter completely surrounds pond (e.g. rough grassland, scrub or woodland). Moderate 0.67 Habitat that offers opportunities for foraging and shelter, but may not be extensive in area and does not completely surround pond. Poor 0.33 Habitat with poor structure that offers limited opportunities for foraging and shelter (e.g. amenity grassland). None Clearly no suitable habitat around pond (e.g. centre of large expanse of bare habitat).