1. Have something to write with out on your desk. BELLRINGER: 12/2 & 12/5 1. Have something to write with out on your desk. 2. Take about 5 minutes to review for your Persian Wars/Golden Age quiz.

After your quiz… 1. Turn the quiz into your class drawer. 2. Update your ToC: Page 62: Persian Wars/Golden Age Quiz Page 63: Notes – Greek Culture Page 64: Odyssey and Greek Values Worksheet 3. Write down your HW: Read pages 128-131 in your ANCIENT WORLD textbook and take notes

Foundations of Greek Culture

Role of Stories Greek culture is based on stories Mythology: stories about the world, the gods, and the past The Homeric Epics (Iliad and Odyssey): stories about heroes and about what it means to be Greek

Homeric Epics Epic = long poem about a hero, important to a culture Homer = probable author, lived around 750 BCE Events took place around 1250 BCE (the Mycenaean time) Two poems: Iliad and Odyssey

The Iliad A story about the Trojan War King Agamemnon of Mycenae’s wife Helen is taken by a prince (Paris) from Troy in Asia Minor captures Helen, the beautiful wife of a Greek king A huge Greek army attacks Troy, led by Agamemnon, the king of Mycenae Trojan War starts How big was the army?

The Iliad After 10 years surrounding the city, the Greeks trick their way into Troy and destroy the city How? Learn a lot about what Greeks wanted in heroes and leaders

The Odyssey After winning the Trojan War, a Greek king, Odysseus, tries to go home, but angers the gods – becomes a 10 year journey home It takes him 10 years and many trials to reach his wife and son Learn about Greek life at home, what they value in husbands and fathers

Not Just Stories Homeric epics are more than stories, they are history Everything was bigger and everyone was stronger and better This shapes how Greeks view themselves and what they value

What qualities of the Iliad and Odyssey make it an epic poem? They both have a hero Both display important Greek values Both still part of Greek culture

Ancient Greek Values

Greek Values 1. Respect the gods 2. Family 3. Arete (valor or virtue) 4. Agon (competition) 5. Kleos aphthiton (undying glory)

Respect the Gods The gods are like high schoolers Jealous Petty Easily angered And they hold grudges Don’t make them angry, or you will pay Myths tell you how to act They are called gods for a reason

Family Loyal to their family and friends, welcome guests as temporary family members Examples: Greeks fight for 10 years to get Helen back in the Iliad, led by Helen’s husband’s brother Odysseus travels for 10 years to return home to his wife, who remains faithful

Arete Your value or worth, your moral excellence Examples: Warriors and athletes honored in the Iliad and Odyssey Celebration of Odysseus’ and Penelope’s intelligence

Agon Competition or conflict, whether in sport, battle, or conversation. The Greeks love to compete Examples: Constant athletic challenges throughout the Iliad and Odyssey Olympic Games

Kleos Aphthiton Undying glory – the ultimate goal for the Ancient Greeks was to be remembered forever Examples: Achilles (Iliad): you know how he died Kings trying to be the most powerful Olympic athletes Spartan warriors

Greek Art/Architecture

Greek Columns The Greeks adopted post and lintel from the Egyptians modifying and developing their own style of column or order decoration There are three types of Greek columns--which are still used today.

1.Doric The first of the Greek order (the oldest) Less ornate detailing at the top

2. Ionic The second Greek order (the middle) 2nd oldest kind of column in Greece Scroll-like detailing at the top

3.Corinthian The third type of the Greek order Most ornate detail work at the top

Greek Buildings Many Greek buildings remain in partial standing These buildings and styles influenced Roman architecture that followed.

Acropolis Main temple complex in Athens—and Greece Includes the Parthenon Built by Pericles; “Golden Age of Athens”

Parthenon Athena’s Temple at the Acropolis

Greek Philosophy

The Three Most Famous Philosophers Socrates Plato Aristotle

Socrates 469 - 399 B.C. Encouraged students to think Dialectic method Conversational Based upon reason and logic Socrates’ approach was more rigorous and was the forerunner of logic. Most famous student: Plato Placed on trial for impiety and corrupting the youth Was executed in 399 – drank poison hemlock

Socrates 469 - 399 B.C. “The unexamined life is not worth living.”

Socrates 469 - 399 B.C. Socratic Method: Admit ignorance. Never rely on tradition. Continuously question. Formulate your own opinions. Test your opinions with others.

Plato 427 - 347 B.C. Preserved and perpetuated the work of Socrates Most important source of info on Socrates Founded the Academy Wrote dialogues The Republic – most important dialogue “Those things which are beautiful are also difficult.”

Aristotle 384 - 322 B.C. Most famous student of Plato teacher of Alexander the Great Developed Logic as a field of study Devised a complex system of classification (think scientific names) Used in biology Views on Government

Aristotle 384 - 322 B.C. Views on Government 3 Good Governments: Monarchy Aristocracy Democracy 3 Bad Governments: Tyranny Oligarchy Mob Rule

Greek Mathematicians

Pythagoras 582-500 B.C. The universe could only be understood thru numbers. Famous for the Pythagorean Theorem: a2 + b2 = c2

Hippocrates 460-377 B.C. Founded a school of medicine Rejected that sickness comes from the gods Studied symptoms of illnesses “Holistic” healing The Hippocratic Oath

Euclid c.300 B.C. One of the most prominent mathematicians Wrote The Elements Widely used till about 1903. 2nd only to the Bible in numbers of translations, publications, and study Greek – Arabic – Latin