Do Now: How many sig figs do the following numbers have?

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Presentation transcript:

Do Now: How many sig figs do the following numbers have? 53000 25.00 2000 5.60 x 1025 0.00078000

Density

Mass Mass is a measurement of the amount of matter The SI unit - kilogram (kg) Other common units include Grams (g) Milligrams (mg) SI= Le Systeme International d’Unites (international system of units)

Volume Volume is the amount of space occupied by an object The derived SI unit is the cubic meter (m3) Very inconvenient in lab Usually use cubic centimeters (cm3) or.. Non-SI units liter (L) or milliliters (mL)

Density = Mass_ Volume

Thus, Density is measured in … grams/milliliter g/mL g/cm3 g/cc (cc = centimeters cubed)

Calculating Density-Identifying materials density = mass volume d= m V m (mass) d (density) v (volume)

Calculating Density-Identifying materials What is the density of a sample that has a mass of 30. g and has a volume of 10. mL?

If you have 5. 0 g of vegetable oil (density= 0 If you have 5.0 g of vegetable oil (density= 0.93 g/mL) how much room is it occupying?

If you have 3.028g of a liquid occupying 4.2 mL of space: what is the density? and what liquid might you have? What other physical properties might help you identify the liquid?

Densities of Materials Category Material Density (g/cc or g/mL) Wood Southern Pine 0.65 Chemical Gasoline 0.721 Liquid Ethyl Alcohol (drinking alcohol) 0.802 Other Ice 0.897 Water & Ice plastic PP (polypropylene 0.90 - 0.91 Vegetable Oil 0.93 Water, 100 °C 0.9581 Water, 4 °C 0.99997

Density is a little tricky… The object with the most mass or most volume is not necessarily the most dense: Can you think of any other examples like this? Mass Volume Density Aircraft Carrier Heavy Large Less than Water Wedding Ring Light Small More than Water

Density Density tells you how much matter is squeezed into each 1 cm3 of the material. It does not depend directly on the volume or mass of the object.

Density Every pure material has a unique density. Density is a physical property that allows you to identify materials.

Significant figures in calculations

Adding/Subtracting Sig Figs Line up the decimal places Draw a straight line just past the last digit they have in common. Add/subtract Keep everything to the left of the line.

23.2 6.052 + 139.4 23.2 6.052 + 139.4 168.652 168.7 153 600 + 168 921 900 0.0097 + 0.0563 0.0660

Multiplying & Dividing Sig Figs Round the answer to the same number of sig figs as in the number with the fewest sig figs. 23.2 x 0.1257 = 2.91642 2.92 14.89 ÷ 0.003 = 4963.333 5000

42.7 X 0.0046 = 0.19642 0.20 407.1 / 12.3 = 33.09756 33.1 2.7 X 0.1400 = 0.378 0.38

Exact Numbers Found by: Counting (ex: I see 24 students in my class) By definition (there are 12 inches in a foot or 1000 m in 1 km) Do not take in account any exact numbers when counting sig figs during calculations. *so if you are dividing #cm/#pages, the #pages is exact so your final answer will have the same number of sig figs as your # cm.