Today’s Objective We will describe US involvement in world affairs, including the end of the Cold War. Sub-Objective We will understand the importance of the year 1991 (the end of the Cold War).

U.S. History Tutorials

Reagan and Foreign Affairs Peace Through Strength Reagan policy which made enemies think that we had the means and the will to stop aggression. The Reagan Doctrine U.S. would support groups fighting to overthrow Communists govs. Iran-Contra Affair Scandal during Reagan’s presidency over an arms-for-hostages deal with Iran in exchange funds for rebels in Nicaragua Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) / Star Wars Defense system that would use lasers to shoot nuclear missiles out of space before they reached the United States. Berlin Wall Speech Outlawed discrimination in the hiring of minorities in factories

The End of The Cold War SEs: 2B, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 17C, 24B

State Standards 2D (s) Explain the significance of the following years as turning points in U.S. History: 1898 (Spanish American War) 1914-1918 (World War I), 1929 (Great Depression Begins), 1939-45 (World War II), 1991 (the End of the Cold War), 2001 (terrorists attacks on America). 2008 (Election of Barack Obama). 11A (r) Describe US involvement in world affairs, including the end of the Cold War, the Persian Gulf War, the Balkans Crisis, 9/11, and the global War on Terror.

Election of ’88 In the Election of 1988, most people saw Reagan’s vice-president – George Bush – as a solid choice to continue the Reagan policies.

Election of ’88 Democrats nominated Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis, who promised more programs to help minorities and the poor.

George Bush takes over Throughout the 1988 presidential campaign, Bush made a pledge to the American people when he said “read my lips, no new taxes.”

Bush Wins! George Bush Michael Dukakis Most saw Dukakis as too liberal, leading to a landslide election victory by Bush.

Reagan and the Cold War Reagan’s stance toward the Soviet Union began to soften when Mikhail Gorbachev became the leader of the Soviet Union in 1985.

Reagan and the Cold War As president, Gorbachev introduced reforms to the Soviet Union such as perestroika (reform) and glasnost (freedom).

Reagan and the Cold War In a speech at the Brandenburg Gate by the Berlin Wall on June 12, 1987, Reagan challenged Gorbachev to “tear down this wall”.

End of the Cold War From 1989 to 1991, Eastern European countries such as Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Hungary overthrew their Communist governments and established democracies.

Fall of the Berlin Wall With democratic ideas spreading throughout Eastern Europe, change came quickly. In November of 1989, the Berlin Wall gates were opened.

Fall of the Berlin Wall East Berliners came streaming through as free people for the first time in 40 years. Within days, the wall was leveled.

End of the Cold War Within a year after the fall of the Berlin Wall, in October of 1990, Germany – a country divided the previous 45 years – was reunited.

End of the Cold War The final death blow to the Soviet Union came in Dec.1991 when the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics broke up into 15 independent republics. The Cold War was over.

The Rise of Terrorism Although the Cold War was over, Americans faced a new threat to security and freedom as the 1980s came to and end -- TERRORISM

The Rise of Terrorism Terrorism is the use of assassinations, bombings, kidnapping, or other acts to ensure a group’s political voice and demands are heard.

Terrorists strike at the U.S. On April 18, 1983, the United States embassy in Lebanon was bombed by a suicide bomber in the capital city of Beirut that killed 63 people.

Terrorists strike at the U.S. It was the deadliest attack on a U.S. diplomatic mission up to that time, and marked the beginning of anti-U.S. attacks by Islamist groups.

Terrorists strike at the U.S. In October, 1983 an Islamic Jihadist terrorist group known as Hezbollah bombed a U.S. Marines Barracks in Beirut, Lebanon, killing 299 servicemen.

Rise of Terrorism In December of 1988, terrorists from Libya bombed Pan Am Flight 103, flying from New York to London, killing nearly 250 aboard the plane.

Other Events of the 80s

Challenger Disaster Disaster hit the program on January 20, 1986 when the shuttle Challenger exploded shortly after takeoff The crash killed the entire seven member crew, including teacher Christa McAuliffe, who was to be the first civilian in space

Challenger Disaster with live Comment 1986 (cut off at 3:00)

Exxon Valdez Disaster In March 1989, the Exxon Valdez wrecked and spilled around 20 million gallons of oil into the pristine Prince William Sound in Alaska.

Exxon Valdez Disaster It is considered to be one of the most devastating human-caused environmental disasters in United States history.

Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill The Deepwater Horizon oil spill is an oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico over for three months in 2010. It is the largest accidental marine oil spill in the history of the petroleum industry.

Tiananmen Square Massacre In 1989, Chinese students held protests for democracy in Tiananmen Square, the town center of Beijing, even building their own Statue of Liberty.

Tiananmen Square Massacre Hundreds were executed and thousands more were jailed or exiled following a government crackdown. The U.S. responded by placing trade sanctions on China.

Pop Culture of the 80s Video Games Valley Girl Rubik's Cube Swatch Watches

Pop Culture of the 80s Top TV Shows Dallas The Cosby Show Miami Vice Married with Children

Pop Culture of the 80s Top in Movies

Pop Culture of the 80s Top in Music

Pop Culture of the 80s Top in Music

Pop Culture of the 80s Top in Music

Pop Culture of the 80s Top in Music

Pop Culture of the 80s Top in Music

Pop Culture of the 80s Top in Music

Today’s Product I will create a flow map that identifies and describes events that helped to bring about the end of the Cold War.

Coming up: The Persian Gulf War