Honors Modern World EUROPEAN HISTORY Lesson #5 English Reformation click

House of Lancaster House of York House of Tudor The “Tudor Rose”

King Henry’s opinion of the Protestants Defense of the Seven Sacraments – Henry’s book "But that others may understand how false and wicked his doctrine is, lest they might be so far deceived as to have a good opinion of him, I doubt not but in all parts there are very learned men… Seeing, therefore, he despiseth all men and believes none, he ought not to take it ill if everybody discredit him again. “ Pope: DEFENDER OF THE FAITH

Henry VIII Henry VIII was much more “fun” than his dad He went hunting, and competed against other kings in tournaments He had lots of girlfriends, too But, he was OBSESSED with having sons He died with only one… a sickly young boy All three of Henry VIII’s kids became kings (monarchs) of England First Edward Then “Bloody” Mary Then Elizabeth “the Virgin Queen

The “King’s Great Matter” As Catherine grew old, and her body became exhausted with failed pregnancies… and almost 40 years old And Henry NEEDED sons Why? Why would he be refused a divorce? The Pope was currently a captive of the Holy Roman Emperor, who was also the King of Spain. Why will this add to Henry’s problem? 1m

Henry once showed disdain for the Protestant Reformation WHY? How will he now USE that (once disdainful) Protestant Reformation for his own needs?

How is Henry’s plan to break from the Church NOT AT ALL a personal thing, and was actually a responsible move from a Machiavellian ruler?

Henry’s options in 1522 Marry off Mary – hope she’d have a son But, she was young – only 11 Just declare Mary the next monarch But, England had no history of this Legitimize one of his sons Gave Henry Fitzroy title “Duke of Richmond” Not accepted by other royals Find a new wife

WHAT’S HENRY’S BEST OPTION?

Solution the The King’s Great Matter Act of Supremacy Problems… Henry was a loyal Catholic “Defense of the Seven Sacraments Went to mass several times/day Would alienate England Would alienate the King from Catholics Including Thomas More

Act of Supremacy Anne gave birth to Eliz. In Sept. Henry was still married to Catherine Four months later, marriage was annulled by Archbishop of Canterbury Parliament legislated Act in 1534 CHURCH OF ENGLAND was born

The Church of England “Anglican” No doctrinal changes under Henry Henry closed down monasteries Sold the land to supporters Executed all who opposed him Including Thomas More Wrote Six Articles

IN WHAT WAYS WAS HENRY NOT AT ALL SELFISH WITH THIS MOVE? Henry remained a loyal Catholic to the day of his death When he died, he did have a rightful heir…

Edward VI 1547-1553 Book of Common Prayer (1549) Dismantled images and altars Destroyed stained glass, shines, statues Vestments prohibited Clergy encouraged to marry Processions banned DOCTRINE BECAME PROTESTANT Justification by Faith Denied transubstantiation Supremacy of Scripture; reduced to two sacraments

EDWARD became king at age 10 He didn’t do much, and then… he died at age 16 His advisors made most of his decisions for him He was too young and too sickly to do much, including get married, so He had no kids So, power passed to Henry’s next son… OH NO! – THERE ARE NO MORE SONS! – what to do?!

TUDOR ENGLISH FAMILY TREE Henry VII Elizabeth of York Margaret Mary Jane Seymour Henry Arthur Catherine of Aragon ANNE BOLYN DIVORCED BEHEADED Edward Mary Elizabeth “Bloody” Mary “Bess”

Issue of Henry VIII Edward VI Jane Grey Mary I Elizabeth I Raised as a true Protestant Reformed the Church of England Died young Jane Grey Jane of Nine Days Mary I Bloody Mary Elizabeth I Queen Bess The Virgin Queen

Mary I 1553-1558 Eliminated Jane (Cousin) Repealed Act of Supremacy Restored the Church Reversed Edward’s changes Married Philip II of Spain 1554 (prince) Banned Protestants Killed 287 Protestants “Bloody Mary” Show first 2m

Mary became queen when she was older She was raised a Catholic When she became queen, she brought the Catholic Church back She married Philip of Spain She killed anyone who protested Protestants would later called her “BLOODY MARY” because she killed so many protestants She died after five years – no kids

Elizabeth I 1558-1603 (45 years) Mom was Anne Boleyn Elizabethan Settlement Act of Supremacy – 1559 Act of Uniformity – 1559 Return to Edward’s church Refused to marry Philip II Supported Dutch rebellion against Spanish control (7,000 English troops to Netherlands)

Elizabeth I “Politique”: put political leadership in front of religious beliefs Tolerant of Puritans (purify the church) Repelled Spanish Armada (1588) Executed Mary, Queen of Scots