Age of Absolutism Failures

Charles V Heir to throne Constantly battling wars Splits his empire Holy Roman Empire (grandson of holy roman emperor Maximillian I) Spain (grandson of Ferdinand and Isabella on his mother’s side) Constantly battling wars Ottomans from east Muslims & Jews from West Splits his empire Holy Roman Empire to brother Ferdinand Spain to his son Philip II

Charles V’s Empire

Spain

Philip II & Divine Right Absolute Monarchy Devoted much time to government Divine Right Defender of Catholic faith

Wars of Philip II Inquisition Invades England Netherlands Hated Elizabeth I for being protestant Huge armada Stopped by freak storm on English Channel

Spain’s Golden Age Adoption of Italian renaissance Philip II patron of the arts Outstanding writers and painters

Economic Decline 1600s decline Philip II’s successors weaker rulers Wars too costly Promise of American gold overshadowed farming and basic necessities Ejection of Jews & Muslims deprived economy

Review Charles V inherited what empires? Philip II claimed the right to rule through what idea? What wars did Philip II wage? Why did Spain fall into economic decline?

England

Tudors and Parliament Henry VIII and Elizabeth I consulted parliament Held much power

Stuarts Elizabeth left no direct heir Stuarts – ruling family from Scotland Inherited Tudor problems Less active with parliament

James I & Charles I Constantly fought over money with parliament Imprisoned foes Tended to strict Anglican rules Fought with puritans

English Civil War Oliver Cromwell lead puritans Charles I is beheaded Charles I fought with puritans Oliver Cromwell lead puritans Charles I is beheaded First monarch to be tried and executed by own people

Puritan Society Oliver Cromwell & puritans create commonwealth Very strict Puritan rules After Cromwell’s death call for monarchy Charles brother James II was disliked

English Bill of Rights William and Mary now rulers of England Bill of Rights established parliamentary superiority Created limited monarchy

Review Which family held strong control over parliament? Why did the Stuarts lose the control and influence over parliament? What was the outcome of the English Civil War? Who took over after Oliver Cromwell?

Holy Roman Empire Thirty years war

War begins Religious differences in kingdoms Created alliances with surrounding empires Brutal war Depopulation Peace of Westphalia France clear winner

Austria & Prussia Weakening of Holy Roman Empire Heightened geographic, cultural, language, etc. difference in empire Austria & Prussia successfully break away Demonstrate weakening power of Holy Roman Empire

Closure When Charles V abdicated the throne who did he give what Spain to? Holy Roman Empire? How was Philip II’s rule in Spain? What the downfall of absolutism? Which family allowed for decline in power in England? Who took control after the English Civil War? What is a limited monarchy? What war allowed for Austria and Prussia to rise in relative power to the Holy Roman Empire?