China Review

GRAPES G-geography R-religion A-achievements P-political E-economic systems S-social

Great Wall of Geography TAKLIMAKAN DESERT SHANG DYNASTY PLATEAU OF TIBET HIMALAYAS Keeps China isolated from the West and India Great Wall of Geography

RELIGION Confucianism-used by Han, Tang/Song, and Ming Dynasties Three philosophies utilized in Chinese culture: Confucianism, Daoism, Legalism. Confucianism-used by Han, Tang/Song, and Ming Dynasties Daoism Legalism-used by the Qin Dynasty Education is important Filial piety-respect for elders and ancestors Five relationships to keep order. Reject human governments to understand nature. Nature will show you the way. Natural order is important Rulers have unquestioned authority Ideas must be restricted Strict rules and punishments are needed

ACHIEVEMENTS Great Wall of China-started during the Qin Dynasty Inventions of Paper and Silk-Han Dynasty (first items traded on the silk roads) Civil Service Exam-Han, Tang/Song, Ming Dynasties (people earned government jobs through exam) Magnetic Compass, Gun Powder, Moveable Type- Tang/Song Dynasties (Technologies heavily impact the West)

POLITICAL Dynasties- Hereditary rule Mandate of Heaven Dynastic Cycle used to explain rise and fall of dynasties Bureaucratic government-used civil service exams

ECONOMICS Silk Roads-trade routes China had a monopoly on silk for many years, The production of silk was a state secret. Silk became a highly desired good increasing China’s wealth China’s interaction and periods of isolation shaped their success and culture. Ethnocentrism- China believed their culture to be superior to others. As a result China begins a period of isolation at the end of the Ming Dynasty

SOCIAL Link between Heaven and Earth Merchants lower than peasants

SOCIAL Shi Huangdi- First emperor of China, used legalism to rule, unified China, standardized weights and measures, used censorship, harsh punishments. Builds Great Wall and Terracotta Warriors. Confucius- Philosopher believe in the importance of education, filial piety, and the five relationships. Zheng He- Explorer seven voyages to India, Arabia, and East Africa to show off China prestige.

Geography Qin Han Tang Song Ming Plateau of Tibet Yellow River Himalaya Mtns Taklimakan Desert Northern Plain Gobi Desert Built the Great Wall First Emperor of China Used Legalist ideas Censorship-burned books Invented paper First to use the silk roads Silk became a state secret Used Confucianism to rule Considered agriculture to be one of the most important jobs Created civil service exams based on Confucianism Golden Age of China Civil service exams based on confucianism Invented gun powder, magnetic compass, etc. Voyages of Zheng He Stressed ethnocentrism and isolated China Censorship burned books Civil service exams based on Confucianism

MONGOLS REVIEW

GEOGRAPHY Eastern Steppe of Central Asia-dry grass covered plain.

RELIGION Animistic beliefs Religiously Tolerant

ACHIEVEMENTS Stirrup- allowed the rider to stand while riding to shoot an arrow in 360 degrees. Pax Mongolia-mid-1200s to the mid-1300s, the Mongols created stability, economic growth, and law and order, across Eurasia. The Mongols guaranteed safe passage across the empire for trade caravans, travelers, and missionaries. The revival of trade allowed ideas and inventions to travel along with the trade goods. Ex-gunpowder reaches Europe

POLITICAL Genghis Khan- “universal ruler” unified the Mongol clans and conquered all of central Asia. Khanates- divided into four kingdoms or Khanates, each ruled by a descendant of Genghis Khan.

Economic Controlled trade on the Silk Roads (PAX Mongolia) Made conquered territories pay tribute to the Empire

SOCIAL Genghis Khan- unified the Mongols, brilliant military strategist and organizer, used terror as a weapon. Conquers all of Central Asia. Kublai Khan- Khanate of the Great Khan, became the emperor of China. Creates the Yuan Dynasty, claims the Mandate of Heaven. Trade increases, peace or order maintained, canals and roads repaired. Tried to conquer Japan but is unsuccessful.

Review Questions How was China geographically isolated from influence by other civilizations? It had geographical barriers, such as the Himalayas Mountains, the Gobi and Taklimakan deserts. It was unreachable by rivers or lakes. It was separated from other civilizations by great distances. All of the above are true.

To restore social order, harmony, and good government, Confucius believed it was necessary for society to be organized around what general category? Values golden rules five relationships social classes

The Silk Roads were important to the ancient world because they made possible the exchange of goods and ideas between? Korea and Japan China and Rome Egypt and Greece Persia and Carthage  

All of the following were inventions of the Tang and Song dynasties EXCEPT porcelain. paper money. the microscope. the magnetic compass.

What historical development does the chart of the dynastic cycle help to explain? The influence of Buddhism on China The reasons for China’s isolation The success of the Shang dynasty The rise and fall of ruling families