Status of national system for control of radioactive sources: Libya Sustaining Cradle-to-Grave Control of Radioactive Sources (INT-9182) Workshop on implementation of a national cradle-to-grave control system for radioactive sources IAEA, Vienna, 13 – 17 March 2017, Room C1 Status of national system for control of radioactive sources: Libya by: Usama Elghawi (operator) and Bahlul Abbani (regulator) Radioactive Waste and Spent Fuel Management Unit Waste and Environmental Safety Section (WES), Division of Radiation Transport and Waste Safety (NSRW) Department of Nuclear Safety and Security

National bodies responsible for radioactive sources Government: Libyan Atomic Energy Establishment (LAEE). Regulatory Body: Nuclear Regulatory Office (NRO) Users: (Oil & Gas Industry), Hospitals, Education and Research. Waste Management Organization: Radioactive Waste Management Division (LAEE). Others: Radioactive Waste Treatment, (Tajura Nuclear Research Centre) Gaps: Radioactive Waste Management Policy and Strategy not Proved Yet.

Sources of RW in Libya The sources of RW in the country include: 1. RW (solid and liquid) from TNRC • From the operation of Tajoura research reactor; and from the production of radioisotopes, radiopharmaceuticals and other radioactive materials in TNRC (e.g., protection cloths, gloves, shoes, filter papers). 2. DSRS • From medical applications of radioactive sealed sources in both diagnosis and treatment; • From industrial applications of sealed sources in oil exploration, nondestructive testing, and other uses; • From the use of radioactive sources in education (e.g., universities and institutes) and scientific research. 3. SNF • From the use of nuclear fuel in Tajoura research reactor. 4. NORM • Large volumes are produced annually by oil and gas industry exploration, operation, and production.

International Treaties and Conventions The legislative framework and the national laws are largely on the basis of the international treaties and conventions that have been signed by the Libyan State. • Nonproliferation treaty (NPT), • Convention on the physical protection of nuclear material, • Convention on nuclear safety, • Safeguards agreements between the agency and the states required in connection with the treaty on the nonproliferation of nuclear weapons, • Convention on early notification of a nuclear accident, • Convention on assistance in the case of a nuclear accident or radiological emergency, • Basel convention on the control of trans boundary movements of hazardous wastes and in cross-border disposal, and • Treaty of London in the prevention of marine pollution.

Legal & regulatory framework for radioactive sources Laws: 1. Act No. 2, 1982, aims to regulate the use of ionizing radiation and the prevention of its dangerous effects. • The law identified requirements and procedures for the use of radioactive sources and ionizing radiation. • It did not address the security aspects and the physical protection of nuclear material and RW 2. Act No. 4, 2005, aims to regulate transportation of dangerous materials on the national roads. • The law identified requirements and procedures for transportation of dangerous materials on national roads.

Draft Libyan Nuclear Law 3. Act No. 15, 2007, for environmental protection and improvement. The law identified requirements and procedures for the protection of the environment from polluting materials. - A draft of a new comprehensive nuclear law consistent with international standards (the Libyan Nuclear Law) was prepared in 2015. - The law consists of the following articles: • General provisions; • The nuclear regulatory authority; • The regulatory system; • Nuclear and radiation safety; • Nuclear security and safeguards;

Legal & regulatory framework for radioactive sources • Emergency preparedness and response; • Licenses for installations, facilities, and decommissioning; • Import, export, and transport; • RW and spent nuclear fuel; • Civil liability and penalties; and • Final provisions. Gaps: Nuclear Law has been Drafted but not Promulgated Yet.

Legal & regulatory framework for radioactive sources Regulation: Regulation for nuclear and radiation safety has been drafted. Regulations of Safe Management of spent fuel and Radioactive Waste (1st draft). Transport Safety Regulations (1st draft).. Regulations for Safety and Security of facilities and materials (1st draft).

Legal & regulatory framework for radioactive sources Regulatory Guidance: NRO adopts the IAEA Guidance Related to RS. Authorization/Registrations: Radioactive sources are being used in different areas of applications (medical, industry, etc) NRO Activities: Registration Licensing Inspection NRO Requirements For Using Registration Authorization Radiation officer For Transportation Transport plan Physical protection plan Radiation protection plan

Use of radioactive sources in the country How many sources are in use, and for what types of purposes? There are more than 150 facilities (Medical, Industry, and Education Sectors) registered with NRO they use more or less 800 sources (the number is dynamic). What Categories of sources are used? Different categories I to VI. What is the status of any national register and or national inventory of sources? NRO keeps a national register as a database file for all the sources of registered facilities.

Use of radioactive sources in the country Are all users or potential users required to obtain a license from the competent authority for the purchase, use and management of all sources? All users are required to obtain a license or permit from NRO to allow them to purchase, use import export and manage the sources. Are all sources licensed by the national competent authority? All sources belong to the registered facilities which are registered with NRO.

Arrangements for disused sources Locations e.g. with users, held centrally by a waste management organisation (Temporary storage at TNRC). Stores existing: Repository of TNRC, Planned: Central storage facility bilateral agreement with Germany, GRS. Arrangements & resources for return of sources to supplier or other licenced third party: Repatriation is essential in licence. Disposal facilities (existing, planned): Not in the Libyan policy. Orphan sources – how are these dealt with? There is no especial group dealing with this subject, only in case of notification. Status of security over sources? There are many requirements, fences, lighting, inspection, ..etc. (should be fulfil)

Key issues and national needs What is the most important issue in the country with respect to the safety of radioactive sources? Inventory, calibration of detectors, dealing with orphan sources, conditioning of categorize 3-5, and review of drafted regulations, lack of proper equipment. The implementation of the nuclear law and the policy and strategy of RWM, finishing the project of the centralized storage facility for RW What plans are in place to resolve the issues? Cooperation with IAEA, through INT and RAF projects to gain training, asked the IAEA for official mission to Libya to solve the issues regarding the inventory and the available infrastructure. Libya applied for a national project (Lib) which titled (Reinforcing and promoting sustaining radioactive waste management practices in Libya) and by bilateral agreements. What do you want to gain from this meeting? Will help in gaining experience in dealing with the issues of this workshop (control of radioactive sources).

Thank you! Thank you!