How Science works: Graphs.

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Presentation transcript:

How Science works: Graphs

What is the best way to draw a line-graph? Drawing a graph What is the best way to draw a line-graph?

5 steps in drawing a graph 1. Choose simple scales. For example: 1 large square = 1 centimeter (1 cm) or 1 large square = 2 cm, or 5 cm, or 10 cm But never choose an awkward scale, like 1 square = 3 cm or 7 cm Choose a scale that will make your graph use most of the sheet of paper.

5 steps in drawing a graph 1. Choose simple scales. Put the dependent variable (measuring) on the ‘y-axis’ and the independent variable (changing) on the ‘x-axis’

5 steps in drawing a graph 2. Plot the points neatly. To mark the points we usually use an X x x Usually you need 5 or more points for the graph. x x x x Re-check each one before your next step.

5 steps in drawing a graph If the points form a straight line… …draw the best straight line through them x ‘line of best fit’ Check that it looks the best straight line.

5 steps in drawing a graph 4. If the points form a curve… …draw a free-hand curve of best fit

5 steps in drawing a graph 5. If a point is not on the line… …use your apparatus to check this measurement again x This is called an anomalous point. You can decide to ignore anomalous points.

5 steps in drawing a graph In summary: Choose good scales, with the dependent variable on the y-axis Plot the points carefully Draw a line of best fit using a ruler for a straight line graph, or draw free-hand for a curved graph Check anomalous points.

**Often referred to as the average** Ex: 2, 5, 4, 1, 2, 4, Mean = 6 For any set of data, you will need to determine the following: Mean: This is determined by adding all the numbers in a set of data and then dividing by the number of values. **Often referred to as the average** Ex: 2, 5, 4, 1, 2, 4, Mean = 6

For any set of data, you will need to determine the following: Median: This is the middle number in a set of data. If the there is an even set of numbers in the data, then take the average of the two middle numbers. Ex: 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 median = 8 Ex: 3, 5, 8, 11, 17, 19, 27, 30 median is 11 + 17 = 28/2 = 14

Mode: This is the number that occurs most often in a set of data. For any set of data, you will need to determine the following: Mode: This is the number that occurs most often in a set of data. Ex: 3, 4, 6, 6, 7, 9,9,9, 12, 12, 15 mode = 9