Ancient Egypt

Geography of Egypt River in Egypt? The Nile flows northward for 4100 miles (UP), making it one of the world’s longest river (2)   What is the Nile Delta? A broad marshy triangular area of land formed by deposits of silt at the mouth of the river.  

Cataracts: Churning rapids along the Nile What impact did cataracts have for Egypt? Slowed down transportation, slowed down people, slowed down trade.  

Environmental Challenges 1) Nile floods predictably, every year at the same time 2) Vast desert on either side of the Nile, kept people close to the river Examples of advanced cities 1) Memphis – capitol of Egypt in the old kingdom under King Menes 2) Thebes – capital of Egypt during the middle kingdom and most of the new kingdom

Complex Institutions: Pharaoh Complex Institutions: Pharaoh? Egyptian god-kings, pharaohs were considered representatives of the gods   What is a theocracy? The pharaoh stood at the center of Egypt’s religions as well as its government and army. A system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god.  

Egyptians were polytheistic- Worship of many gods   Major Gods Ra – Sun god Horus – god of light, Osiris – god of the dead, weighed each dead persons heart   Mr. Mummy video

How do we know that Egyptians believed in an afterlife How do we know that Egyptians believed in an afterlife? They preserved the dead, by mummification – embalming and drying the corpse, to prevent decay.

Craftsmen Farmer/Slaves What is social mobility? People could move up and down in social classes How were women treated in Egypt? Held the same rights as men, some pharaohs were women Egyptian Society Pharoah Vizier Nobes/Priests Scribes/Soldiers Craftsmen Farmer/Slaves

Writing- Hieroglyphics, pictograms What is a pictogram? A picture stands for a word What did they write hieroglyphics on? Stone and clay, then papyrus a paper made out a reed from the Nile Why is the Rosetta Stone important? Egyptian hieroglyphics, simple Egyptian hieroglyphics, Ancient Greek able to translate hieroglyphics. Discovered 1799

Technological and Scientific Advancements 1) Developed a system of written numbers for counting, adding and subtracting 2) Used geometry to survey and reset property boundaries after the annual floods 3) Builders needed to make accurate calculations and measurements to construct their remarkable pyramids and palaces.  

More Technological and Scientific Advancements 4) Developed a calendar to keep track of time between floods and the planting seasons. 5) Made medical advances Measure heartrate by checking pulse Set splints for broken bones, treatment for wounds and fevers Used surgery to treat some conditions