Microaggression & Diversity

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Microaggression & Diversity Jordan Ricci Lynchburg College http://www-tc.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/assets/img/does-race-exist/image-01-large.jpg

Outline Background Research Present Research Statistics Results & Discussion Outline

What is a Microaggression? “brief and commonplace daily verbal, behavioral, or environmental indignities, whether intentional or unintentional, that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative racial slights and insults toward people of color.” (Sue, Capodilupo, Torino, Bucceri, Holder, Nadal, & Esquilin, 2007) https://i.ytimg.com/vi/KoW2wAE6DzM/maxresdefault.jpg

Microaggressions in Reverse https://youtu.be/A1zLzWtULig

What is a Microaggression? “brief and commonplace daily verbal, behavioral, or environmental indignities, whether intentional or unintentional, that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative racial slights and insults toward people of color.” Levels of a Microaggression Microinsult Microassault Microinvalidation Negative effects of Microaggressions The Clash of Racial Realities The Invisibility of Unintentional Bias The Perceived Minimal Harm The Catch-22 of Responding Sue, Capodilupo, Torino, Bucceri, Holder, Nadal, & Esquilin, 2007)

White Privilege in connection to Microaggressions Garriott et al. (2016) performed research surrounding white guilt and an individual’s awareness of white privilege. Examined effectiveness of education via different modes Entertainment was most effective Meditation on white privilege also had an effect

Connecting Sexuality to Racial Affects On Sexuality Kleimen, Spanierman, & Smith (2015) - examined the influence of being a sexual minority and the impact it had on a person’s racial attitudes and empathy. Examined the recognition of privilege in gay and straight, white men Being of the sexual minority can have an effect on privilege If you are more open with your sexual orientation, you may have more racial affects

Present Research The second goal is to compare LC and VCU on Microaggressions (CoBRAS). The first goal of this experiment was to determine whether heterosexual (Heterosexual Privilege Scale) and white privilege (WPAS) predict the recognition and use of microaggressions (CoBRAS). 2) the diversity level of a campus may play a role in the campus climate and use of microaggressions by members of the student population which were of the majority.

Scales White Privilege Scale (WPS) The Heterosexism Scale The Psychosocial Costs of Racism to Whites Scale (PCRW) The Color-Blind Racial Attitudes Scale (CoBRAS).

Microaggressions & Diversity Statistics https://www.coursebuffet.com/course_images/coursera/introstats.png

Institution N Lynchburg College 104 VCU 54 https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/z/demographics-street-sign-illustration-design-over-white-background-47858046.jpg Institution N Lynchburg College 104 VCU 54 Total Survey administered: 221 Omitted 63 due to incomplete surveys

Diversity Percentages https://www.stefanmaescher.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Google-Analytics-Demographics2.png Diversity Percentages See notes for table Figure 1. Non-white vs. White Participants from LC Figure 2. Non-white vs. White Participants from VCU

Diversity Percentages https://www.stefanmaescher.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Google-Analytics-Demographics2.png Diversity Percentages See notes for table Figure 1. Herterosexual vs. Non-heterosexual Participants from LC Figure 2. Herterosexual vs. Non-heterosexual Participants from VCU

Microaggressions & Diversity Results & Discussion http://s3.india.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/28.jpg

Independent Samples t-test Results Additionally talk about subscales

Multiple Regressions Results β = .34 β = -.83 Figure 1. Color-Blind Racial Attitudes Scale (CoBRAS) Average Score as a function of Heterosexism Scale Average Score Place both scatter plots with lines indicating direction Figure 2. Color-Blind Racial Attitudes Scale (CoBRAS) Average Score as a function of White Privilege Attitude Scale (WPAS) Average Score

Conclusions Significant differences were shown in the comparison of the means of the scores for the different institutions VCU was more aware of white privilege based on WPAS & PCRW scale Scores VCU scored lower on the COBRAS Higher score on privilege scales predict lower score in awareness of racial microaggressions Sumeray of everything that I have previously discussed

Implications https://addictivebehaviors.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/change.png

Strengths & Limitations Valid Scales Large participation group Limitations Questions were grouped according to factor loading Unequal variance

Future Directions Institutions should examine the effectiveness of their diversity programming Combine awareness of racial tension with heterosexual privilege awareness Development of scales that assess specific microaggression surrounding LGBTQ & racial issues

References Garriott, P., Reiter, S., & Brownfield, J. (2016). Testing the efficacy of brief multicultural education interventions in white college students. Journal of Diversity in Higher Education, 9(2), 158-169. doi:10.1037/a0039547 Goodrich, K. M., Selig, J. P., & Crofts, G. (2014). An Examination of the Heterosexism Scale. Journal of Homosexuality, 61(10), 1378-1392. doi:10.1080/00918369.2014.928168 Kleiman, S., Spanierman, L. B., & Smith, N. G. (2015). Translating oppression: Understanding how sexual minority status is associated with White men’s racial attitudes. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 16(4), 404-415. doi:10.1037/a0038797 Kordesh, K. S., Spanierman, L. B., & Neville, H. A. (2013). White university students' racial affect: Understanding the antiracist type. Journal of Diversity in Higher Education, 6(1), 33-50. doi:10.1037/a0030102 Neville, H. A., Lilly, R. L., Duran, G., Lee, R. M., & Browne, L. (2000). Construction and initial validation of the Color-Blind Racial Attitudes Scale (CoBRAS). Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47(1), 59-70. doi:10.1037//0022-0167.47.1.59 Pinterits, E. J., Poteat, V. P., & Spanierman, L. B. (2009). The White Privilege Attitudes Scale: Development and initial validation. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56(3), 417-429. doi:10.1037/a0016274 Sue, D. W., Capodilupo, C. M., Torino, G. C., Bucceri, J. M., Holder, A. M., Nadal, K. L., & Esquilin, M. (2007). Racial microaggressions in everyday life: Implications for clinical practice. American Psychologist, 62(4), 271-286. doi:10.1037/0003-066x.62.4.271

Questions Jordan Ricci - Lynchburg College http://www.venusclubs.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/questions.jpg Jordan Ricci - Lynchburg College