Speaking to Persuade Part II

6 steps for persuasive speech prep. Choosing your topic Criteria? Determining your specific purpose Purposes? Analyzing your audience Gathering information Preparing visual aids Organizing your speech Interesting. Not too large a change. Controversial Belief. Opinion. Behavior

Preparing visual aids How will you present the information?

Readers can get the same data from various visually- oriented representations, but they will experience different rhetorical effects. Table Figure

Table Use it when your readers are likely to want very precise numbers, and you don’t want to impose on your data a visual image implying the point you want them to support. It lets your readers compare the numbers systematically and come to their own conclusion.

Figure It is useful when your readers are less interested in precise details than in a general point, and you want to reinforce your point with a strong image. Line graph Bar chart Stacked bar chart Horizontal bar chart Centrally divided horizontal bar chart Pie chart Have you ever used any of them in your presentations?

Line graph It gives less exact information but offers a more striking image of a story. It helps readers see trends easily.

Bar chart It visually communicate the gist of its point quickly. It also helps readers to make individual comparisons.

Stacked bar chart It divides the bar into its relative proportions of 100 percent of some other variable. It could be difficult to process because they force readers to make comparisons and gauge proportions by eye alone.

Horizontal bar chart The only advantage of a horizontal bar chart over a vertical one is typographical: it lets you get the whole name of an item next to a bar

Centrally divided horizontal bar chart It puts two dependent variables on either side of a center line and then displays a number of independent variables. The same data can be presented in a side-by-side vertical bar chart. But it is typographically more difficult to do.

Pie chart Favorites of newspapers and annual business reports. It allows readers to see crude proportions among a few elements that constitute 100 percent of a whole. But they are hard to read when they have more than 4 or 5 segments. Foe example: Russian and Portuguese—which one has more speakers? Difficult to judge size.

DON’T!!

DON’T!!

Organizing your speech Opener building on areas of agreement Statement of purpose Preview of persuasive points. Body Summary Memorable concluding remarks (p.132)

Decide Debate Topics Read all topics listed on the Wikis. Everyone votes for the most promising 4 topics. Divide into 8 groups (listed on the next page). Each group will be randomly assigned to one side (pros or cons) of a topic. Brainstorming ideas. Go back home and do some research. Bring your data to class next week. 3+3+3+3+4+4 = 20

Group list #1 Kaitlyn Susan Ling #2 Ines Molly Chen Elsie #3 Jack Ann Zoe #4 Elaine Ginie Jerry #5 Betty Brenda Molly Yeh Christina #6 Vicky Caroline Virginia Sabine #7 Jessica Carlos sherry Winie #8 Josephine Chen Lin Wan wan Steven