Expanding Access and Increasing Impact: How to Retain your Rights to your Research and Why Deposit in TigerPrints Andrew Wesolek Head of Digital Scholarship

Scholarly Communication: Describes the system by which researchers share the results of their research with colleagues. First scholarly journal: Philosophical Transactions (1665) Peer review adopted in the mid-twentieth century http://rstl.royalsocietypublishing.org/ 2

The System: Author writes an article and submits it to a journal Experts in the field evaluate the author’s work Journal publishes the work colleague colleague colleague Academic researchers do not get paid for submitting articles to be published, nor do they get paid to serve as peer-reviewers. Now, this might sound odd to some of you, so maybe I should explain: Researchers are paid by their employers, universities such as Clemson, so they are not dependent on royalties in the way that many artists, musicians, and novelists are. This independence is a good thing in that it creates an environment in which researchers are free to devote time, energy, and intellect into solving problems that may not bring them direct economic benefit.   So why do they do it? Researchers are happy to submit their research and offer peer-review services for free because they are incentivized by prestige and career benefits. Journals play the important role of disseminating an authors research to his or her colleagues around the world allowing them to make an impact in their fields, benefiting both their careers and prestige. colleague colleague

This system worked smoothly for several hundred years, but… Over the last several decades, the prices of scholarly journals have skyrocketed. The result: access problems “The Deeper problem is that we donate time, labor, and public money to create new knowledge and then hand control over the results to businesses that believe, correctly or incorrectly, that their revenue and survival depend on limiting access.” -Peter Suber For the past four decades, the price of scholarly journals has increased at several times the rate of inflation and much faster than library budgets. The increase in the cost of journals has outpaced even the cost of heathcare This creates access problems—even the wealthiest universities in the world are forced to cancel journal subscriptions, thus limiting the access many researchers have to vital research These access gaps are accentuated in the developing world. While Harvard is able to subscribe to 98,900 journals, the best-funded university in India can afford only 10,600. In spite of this, some of the large journal publishing conglomerates have profit margins above 35% http://arl.org

The System: Author writes an article and submits it to a journal Experts in the field evaluate the author’s work Journal publishes the work colleague colleague colleague Prior to dramatic price increases, journal publication ensured that an author’s work reached the researchers that really needed it. Now, access barriers ensure that the potential audience for an author’s work is limited. In spite of this, many of the large publishers of scholarly journals report profit margins of greater than 35%! colleague colleague

A More Diverse Scholarly Communication Ecosystem By shifting to Open Access we can: Accelerate the pace of research Lay a foundation for new types of digital scholarship Take advantage of digital publication to reduce costs and increase your impact Democratize access across institutions regardless of size or budget Open Access= “literature that is digital, online, free of charge, and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions” (Peter Suber)

Green OA: Gold OA: Two Strategies: Author self archiving in an institutional or funder repository, personal website, or some other freely accessible website Authors publish in fully open-access journals. These journals make ALL of their published articles freely and immediately available on their websites

Gold OA: Still depend on some form of revenue (endowments, Author Processing Charges (APC), memberships) Can be not-for-profit (PLOS) or for-profit (BioMed Central) Beware of Predators! Directory of Open Access Journals Gold Open Access is not vanity publishing. According to the DOAJ, 2/3 of OA journals do not charge author side fees. Also, most (75%) traditional subscription-based journals charge some author side fees (such as page charges) so a case cannot be made that author-side fees somehow corrupt peer review. In 2004, Thomas Scientific found (http://ip-science.thomsonreuters.com/m/pdfs/openaccesscitations2.pdf) that “there was at least one open access title that ranked at or near the top of the field” in impact

Green OA: Read your publication agreement! Investigate your rights Attach a SPARC Addendum Save your manuscripts! Just because you published in a traditional journal does not mean that you do not have the rights to post a version of your work in the repository. Many publishers allow green OA, and many will grant permission if requested.

Benefits: Complements traditional publishing while ensuring immediate visibility Your work will be found more quickly and cited more frequently Stability and long-term accessibility Gives new life to older works You will receive download reports for your works

Global Distribution

Added Benefit: Chance to win one of two $25 Barnes and Noble gift cards Each deposit in TigerPrints will constitute one entry Winners will be notified by January 2nd

Know your rights Scrutinize your publication agreements or check SHERPA/RoMEO Pre-Print: Manuscript prior to peer review Author’s Post-Print: The final accepted manuscript after peer review but before publisher branding/pagination Publisher’s PDF: The version of record

Published Version Publishers formatting/Branding Now, you probably noticed that we discussed various versions. Talk about the publisher’s formatting here Journal information and pagination

Final Accepted Manuscript

Digital Commons (TigerPrints) Bibliographic Record

To Participate: Simply email your final author’s manuscript to: awesole@clemson.edu We will check permissions We will build a SelectedWorks site for you

Resources http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/ http://scholarlyoa.com/ http://sparc.arl.org/issues/open-access http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/overview.htm http://www.sparc.arl.org/resources/authors/addendum http://opcit.eprints.org/oacitation-biblio.html http://www.theguardian.com/higher-education-network/blog/2013/oct/21/open-access-myths-peter-suber-harvard