The Responsible Use of Alcohol Chapter 10

©2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Chemistry of Alcohol Psychoactive ingredient Depressant Ethyl Alcohol – only alcohol that can be consumed Beer 3-6% alcohol by volume Malt Liquors 6-8% alcohol by volume Table wines 9-14% alcohol by volume Fermenting Fortified wines 20% alcohol by volume Sugar added Hard liquors 35-50% alcohol by volume Distilling or fermented Proof Value Two times the percentage concentration Ingestion 7 calories per gram 1 drink 14-17 grams or 100-120 calories ChapterTen ©2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

©2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Absorption 20% is rapidly absorbed from the stomach 75% is absorbed in the upper small intestines Remain is absorbed along the GI track Absorption Carbonation Food in the stomach slows the absorption Drink of high concentration slows absorption Eventually all the alcohol ingested will be absorbed ChapterTen ©2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

©2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Dimensions of Diversity Metabolizing Alcohol: Our Bodies Work Differently ChapterTen ©2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

Metabolism and Excretion Transported throughout the body via the bloodstream. Easily moves through most biological membranes Main site for metabolism is the Liver. 2-20% of ingested alcohol is not metabolized. ChapterTen ©2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

Alcohol Intake and Blood Alcohol Concentration A measure of intoxication Body weight Percentage of body fat Difference between women & men Balance of alcohol absorbed and rate of metabolism Genetic factors Drinking Behavior Can not be effected by Exercise Breathing deeply Eating Drinking coffee Taking other drugs Metabolism is the same if the person is awake or asleep ChapterTen ©2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

The Immediate Effects of Alcohol on Health Dependant on the individual. Low Concentrations .03% -.05%. Higher Concentrations 0.1% -0.2%. Concentration of .35%. Alcohol hangover Alcohol poisoning Using Alcohol with other drugs ChapterTen ©2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

©2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Drinking and Driving In 2004 250,000 were injured in alcohol related automobile crashes 42,000 people are killed in alcohol related accidents Dose-response function Driving with a BAC of 0.14% is more than 40 times more likely to be involved in a crash. Greater than 0.14% the risk of fatal crash is estimated to be 380 times higher ChapterTen ©2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

©2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. ChapterTen ©2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

©2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. ChapterTen ©2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

The Effects of Chronic Use Diseases of the digestive, cardiovascular systems and some cancers Digestive system Liver function liver cell damage and destruction (cirrhosis) Cirrhosis causes drinker to lose Tolerance Pancreas inflammation Cardiovascular system moderate doses may reduce the risk of HD Higher doses elevates BP, may weaken heart muscle or cardiac myopathy. Cancer Brain Damage Mortality ChapterTen ©2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

©2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. ChapterTen ©2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

The Effects of Alcohol use During Pregnancy Effects are dose-related. FAS Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Occurs in 1 or 2 out of every 1000 live births in the U.S. Under weight, flat nasal bridge, and long upper lip. Small and have heart defects. Physical and mental growth is slow.Remain mentally impaired. Fine motor skill problems, coordination, learning and behavioral problems (ADS). ARND Alcohol-related neurodevelopment disorder. Heavier drinking early in pregnancy. ChapterTen ©2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

Possible Health Benefits of Alcohol Abstainers and light to moderate drinkers live longer than heavy users. 35 years old and younger, your odds of dying increase in proportion to the amount consumed Moderate drinking = one drink per day for women and two drinks per day for men. May lower coronary heart disease. Raising blood levels of HDL. May lower risks of; diabetes, arterial blockages, Alzheimer’s ChapterTen ©2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

©2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. ChapterTen ©2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

Alcohol Abuse and Dependence Alcohol abuse is recurrent use that has negative consequences. Alcohol dependence or Alcoholism more extensive problems, tolerance and withdrawal Warning signs of alcohol abuse Drinking alone Using deliberately and repeatedly Feeling uncomfortable on certain occasions Escalating consumption Getting drunk regularly Drinking in the morning or unusual times ChapterTen ©2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

Alcohol Abuse and Dependence Binge Drinking Having five drinks in row for a man or four in a row for a women. Frequent binge drinking in college were three to seven times more likely than non-binge drinkers to engage in unplanned or unprotected sex Healthy People 2010 Reduce the rate of binge drinking to 20% among college students ChapterTen ©2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

©2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. ChapterTen ©2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

©2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Alcoholism Patterns and Prevalence Regular daily intake of large amounts Regular heavy drinking limited to weekends Long periods of sobriety interspersed with binges or daily heavy drinking Heavy drinking limited to periods of stress Health Effects DTs (delirium tremens) paranoia Social and Psychological effects Causes of Alcoholism ChapterTen ©2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

©2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Treatment Programs Not one program works for everyone. AA. 12-step program Al-Anon. Employee Assistance. Inpatient hospital rehabilitation Pharmacological treatments. Disulfiram (Antabuse) Naltrexone Acamprosate (Campral) ChapterTen ©2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

Gender and Ethnic Differences Men White American men “Other men” Women African Americans Latinos Asian Americans American Indians and Alaska Natives ChapterTen ©2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

Drinking Behavior and Responsibility Examine your attitudes about alcohol use. Examine your drinking behavior. Drink Moderately and responsibly Drink slowly Space your drinks Eat before and while drinking Know your limits and your drinks ChapterTen ©2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

Promote Responsible Drinking In Others Encourage responsible attitudes Be a responsible host Hold the drinker responsible Learn about prevention programs Take community action ChapterTen ©2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

The Responsible Use of Alcohol Chapter 10