WRITING SKILLS PARAPHRASING

LEAD – IN Choose one of the following sayings to restate “Beauty is in the eye of the beholder” ( Oscar Wilde) “One swallow does not make a summer, neither does one fine day, similarly one day or brief time of happiness does not make a person entirely happy” (Aristotle) “When one door of happiness closes, another opens; but often we look so long at the closed door that we do not see the one which has been opened for us” (Helen Keller) “Do not go where the path may lead; go instead where there is no path and leave a trail” (Ralph Waldo Emerson )

LEAD – IN Beauty is in the eye of the beholder ( Oscar Wilde) => Different people have different ideas about what is beautiful.

LEAD – IN 2. One swallow does not make a summer, neither does one fine day, similarly one day or brief time of happiness does not make a person entirely happy (Aristotle) => One instance of an event does not necessarily indicate a trend.

LEAD – IN “When one door of happiness closes, another opens; but often we look so long at the closed door that we do not see the one which has been opened for us” (Helen Keller) => Live with the present and always look on the bright side

LEAD – IN 4. “Do not go where the path may lead; go instead where there is no path and leave a trail” => Don't follow what other people have done. Be a leader and do something that has never been done and show people a new way to live

What is a paraphrase? Paraphrasing = rephrasing/ rewriting previously published information in different words without changing its original meaning Paraphrase a sentence a series of sentences a short paragraph

Characteristics of a well-done paraphrase It is not a summary It does not contain words or phrases from the original It includes all minor details from original The meaning of the writing being paraphrased is clearer to the reader than in the original text It is usually as long as, or longer than the original

Process of writing a paraphrase Read the text carefully – underline important words 1 Look up difficult words – find synonyms for them 2 Find different ways of expressing phrases indicating time or place 3 Rewrite each sentence ( Changing structure and vocab) 4 1 Revise what you’ve written 5

Practice 2 Paraphrase the following sentences 1. Today, people are worried about internet security. 2. Advocates of internet tracking believe that it helps marketers to understand what people want. 3. People who oppose internet tracking believe that it is an invasion of privacy. 4. This information age will cause more and more people to become concerned with the level of personal detail that can be found from the Internet. 10

Sample 1. Today, people are worried about internet security. - How secure their Internet is a topic of concern for users nowadays. It bothers people to think about internet security these days. 11

Sample 2. Advocates of internet tracking believe that it helps marketers to understand what people want. - Those who support internet tracking maintain that it makes it easier for marketers to have an idea about people’s demands.

Sample 3. People who oppose internet tracking believe that it is an invasion of privacy. Opponents of internet tracking think that it is disrecpecting privacy. Opponents of internet tracking claim that this is intervening with people’s private lives.

Sample This information age will cause more and more people to become concerned about the level of personal detail that can be found from the Internet. - Even more people will be worried about how much of their personal information can be tracked on the Internet in this information age.

Practice 3 Paraphrase the following passages

Passage 1 There are many more extroverts than introverts in America. This puts a lot of pressure on introverts to fit in and be like everybody else. Even in school, teachers add to this pressure by making class participation part of the student's grade. Consequently, introverts have to acquire additional skills to deal with these pressures. (Kroeger & Thuesen, 1989)

Passage 2 There has been a dramatic change in economies like the united states, Japan and Germany from industrial to service economies involved in knowledge and information. As manufacturing shifts to countries where wages are low, economic growth and information economies must focus on knowledge and information production. (Laudon & Laudon (2000), Management information systems: managing the digital firm, p 31 )