Stoichiometry Area of chemistry in which the amount of one substance in a chemical reaction is related to the amount of another substance in the reaction.

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Stoichiometry The calculation of quantities using chemical reactions

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Presentation transcript:

Stoichiometry Area of chemistry in which the amount of one substance in a chemical reaction is related to the amount of another substance in the reaction. (definition)

Stoichiometry Using stoichiometry, we can calculate things such as; The mass of product we will get from a certain mass of reactiants, The concentration of an acid, based on how much base it takes to neutralize it, Whether or not a certain reaction will have “leftovers” And more… (application)

Na3PO4 + MgSO4  Mg3(PO4)2 + Na2SO4 Stoichiometry The coefficients in a balanced chemical equation tell us the proportional amounts of reactants and products involved in a chemical reaction. For example… Na3PO4 + MgSO4  Mg3(PO4)2 + Na2SO4 As is, this equation does us no good toward predicting amounts. However, if we balance the equation… (MOLE TO MOLE RATIO)

2 Na3PO4 + 3 MgSO4  Mg3(PO4)2 + 3 Na2SO4 Stoichiometry …we can see the PROPORTIONAL amounts. 2 Na3PO4 + 3 MgSO4  Mg3(PO4)2 + 3 Na2SO4 2 sodium phosphate will react with 3 magnesium sulfate to form 1 magnesium phosphate and 3 sodium sulfate. SO… 4 sodium phosphate will react with 6 magnesium sulfate to form 2 magnesium phosphate and 6 sodium sulfate. AND… 16 sodium phosphate will react with 24 magnesium sulfate to form 8 magnesium phosphate and 24 sodium sulfate. ETC., (MOLE TO MOLE RATIO)

2 Na3PO4 + 3 MgSO4  Mg3(PO4)2 + 3 Na2SO4 Stoichiometry Now you try some… 2 Na3PO4 + 3 MgSO4  Mg3(PO4)2 + 3 Na2SO4 ____sodium phosphate will react with ____magnesium sulfate to form ____magnesium phosphate and ____sodium sulfate. The proportion between any two elements is referred to as The Mole to Mole Ratio. This ratio can be written just by looking at the balanced equation. (MOLE TO MOLE RATIO)

Stoichiometry The mole to mole ratio works for… Individual particles (atoms, molecules, formula units) Dozens of particles, OR MOLES of particles. It DOES NOT WORK FOR MASS!!!!! (MOLE TO MOLE RATIO)

TEAM LEARNING WORKSHEET… Stoichiometry I repeat, the mole to mole ratio DOES NOT WORK FOR MASS!!!!! So, if masses are given, we must convert to moles before we can apply this ratio. TEAM LEARNING WORKSHEET… (MOLE TO MOLE RATIO)

Stoichiometry EX. - How many grams of magnesium sulfate will react evenly with 12.75 grams of sodium phosphate? (MASS-MASS PROBLEMS)

Chemistry: A Modern Course, PRACTICE… World of Chemistry, pp. 282-283, #5-16 Chemistry: A Modern Course, p. 111, #42-46