MICHAEL CHOI SCIENCE HONOURS THE BIG BANG MICHAEL CHOI SCIENCE HONOURS

The darkness of the night Universe was infinite in age and space = never ending Olber’s Paradox = sky should be bright

The darkness of the night This means the universe has an age = there was a beginning. Infinite Universe Finite Universe In the early 1800’s, it wasn’t clear what was wrong so the word “paradox” was applied.

Doppler effect The scrunched up waves  wavelength shorter  higher pitch

Doppler effect - light Objects moving towards us  wavelengths shortened, blueshifted, Objects moving away  wavelengths lengthened redshifted.

EDWIN HUBBLE Stars and galaxies are moving away from each other The further they are the faster they are going away INFRARED

Quick summary Universe is finite in age but not necessarily in space Through the Doppler effect = universe is expanding SPACE TIME

COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND RADIATION 13.7 BILLION YEARS AGO COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND RADIATION WHITE HOT DENSE Electrons Protons subatomic LIGHT CAN’T ESCAPE

Cosmic microwave background radiation PHOTONS. HYDROGEN

COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGOUND RADIATION FROM ALL DIRECTIONS

Cosmic microwave background radiation IT’S THE AFTERGLOW OF THE BIG BANG

Abundance of hydrogen & helium Easily formed Formed early in the universe Heavier atoms produced in supernovae

Dark matter - evidence Undetectable by electromagnetic radiation Light THERE WASN’T ENOUGH MATTER FOR IT TO BE HELD TOGETHER Undetectable by electromagnetic radiation Light Invisible

DARK ENERGY 1998 WE FOUND OUT THAT IT IS ACCELERATING

EMPTY SPACE HAS ENERGY. IT PUSHES SPACE ITSELF

What will happen to the universe 1. BIG CRUNCH

2. Big freeze

3. Big rip Galaxies move apart so quickly they break the light-speed barrier

1. singularity Expansion not explosion Does the universe have an edge?

2. inflation Within 10-43 second Hundredth of a billionth of a trillionth of a trillionth Size of an atom to size of an orange

3. Hot soup Between 10-43 of a second to 3 minutes It has cooled down from 1000000000000000000000000000 to 10000000000000 degrees So that quarks can form into protons and electrons

4. 380,000 years after Cool enough to form HYDROGEN AND HELIUM Light can shine Cosmic microwave background radiation = the afterglow

5. First stars 400 milllion years When they died, they left heavier elements behind

6. Galaxies & stars form Gravity makes giant clouds of gas Which later make galaxies

7. Solar system Galaxies cluster together Stars form and die

How big is the universe?

The god question? SCIENCE CANT PROVE OR DISPROVE GOD EXISTS He is outside the universe