Nixon’s Legacy Thinking Skill: Explicitly assess the Nixon presidency

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Nixon’s Legacy Thinking Skill: Explicitly assess the Nixon presidency and draw conclusions as to his legacy Essential Skill: C-3: Gather and organize information and data

Nixon (1968-1974) Background: Eisenhower’s VP in 1952 Lost 1960 election to JFK Lost 1962 California governor’s race “You won’t have Nixon to kick around anymore…” 1968 Nixon comeback narrowly defeated Humphrey (D) for presidency “Silent Majority,” southern strategy, return Republicans to power I’m back!

Domestic Policy “New Federalism” More state/local gov. control Paradoxical expansion of federal government OSHA, DEA, EPA, affirmative action & welfare programs “Stagflation” Unusual rise in unemployment and inflation Vietnam War, foreign competition, 1973 OPEC oil embargo

Vacating US Embassy in Saigon (1975) Vietnam… “Vietnamization” 26th Amendment (1971) Voting age 18 Pentagon Papers (1971) Misled the public Paris Peace Accords (1973) 1975 N invades S to unite War Powers Resolution (1973) Limited ability of President to deploy troops w/o war declaration Vacating US Embassy in Saigon (1975)

China… Realpolitik worldview Ping Pong Diplomacy (1971) National Security Advisor/Sec. of State Henry Kissinger Ping Pong Diplomacy (1971) Nixon’s visit (1972) End Vietnam War, expand trade, frighten the USSR Full diplomatic relations (1979) Nixon and Mao (1972)

USSR… Détente easing Cold War tensions US/USSR cooperation Pollution, space missions Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I) Froze # of ICBMs Limited ABMs Symbolic impact on arms race Nixon and Brezhnev (1972)

1972 Electoral Map

Watergate Burglary at Watergate Hotel, June 1972 Senate investigation and tapes Impeachment charges imminent Hindering investigation, abusing power of the presidency, ignoring subpoena for tapes Nixon resigned August 9, 1974 before impeachment

Watergate Legacy The President was not above the law System of checks & balances worked Increasing distrust of government officials and “D.C insiders” Disillusionment (Was justice served?) Nixon’s farewell (1974)

Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein Questions to Ponder Was ‘Deep Throat’ a hero or traitor? Should journalists utilize anonymous sources? How did Watergate affect Americans’ perceptions of the Presidency? Did President Ford do the right thing in pardoning Nixon? Mark Felt #2 FBI agent revealed in 2005 as source “Deep Throat” Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein