BELL WORK 9.5.16 Look over the Timeline Map on pages 100-101. List 1 fact you learn from these pages. List 1 question you have from reading the information.

Life in the Colonies Chapter 4

Section 1 – Governing the Colonies Learning Goals How did English ideas about government affect the colonies? How did English ideas about trade affect the colonies? Think PEGS – Political, Economic, Geography, Social

Chapter 4, Section 1 Governing the Colonies Reading Strategy Chapter 4, Section 1 Governing the Colonies As you read the section, pay attention to how the text is written. Chronological Order Cause & Effect Compare & Contrast

Government of England Magna Carta (1215) King John was forced to sign the “great charter”. This was the 1st document to limit the English ruler’s power.

Magna Carta (1215) 2. Protected the right to own property. 1. Limited Monarch’s right to levy (force to pay) taxes. 2. Protected the right to own property. 3. Guaranteed the right to trial by jury.

Magna Carta (1215) At first these rights were limited to nobles, but later they were extended to all citizens.

Government of England Parliament The Magna Carta divided power between the King and the new British Parliament. Parliament was a 2 house legislature House of Lords – made up of nobles (wealthy) House of Commons – elected officials Only a few rich guys and landowners got to vote

Parliament “Power of the Purse” – Parliament’s greatest power! The King now needed Parliament’s approval to raise taxes – he couldn’t raise taxes on his own anymore!

Government of England English Bill of Rights (1689) Queen Mary and her husband William signed the English Bill of Rights. A written list of freedoms that a government promises to protect.

English Bill of Rights (1688) Restated many of the rights granted by the Magna Carta. It upheld (kept) habeas corpus – the rule that a person cannot be held in prison without being charged with a specific crime.

English Bill of Rights (1688) Required that Parliament meet regularly. Declared that no monarch could levy taxes. Prohibited monarch from raising an army without the consent of Parliament.

Colonial Self-Government As British citizens, colonists believed in the ideas of limited monarchy. They expected to have a voice, and representative government was very important to them.

Colonial Self-Government British Crown Colonial Governor Appointed by Crown Oversaw colonial trade Had final approval on laws Could dismiss colonial assembly Council Colonial Assembly Appointed by governor Advisory board to governor Acted as highest court in each colony Elected by eligible colonists Made laws Had authority to tax Paid governor’s salary

Colonial Self-Government Pennsylvania  England gave William Penn ownership of Pennsylvania.  In 1701, colonists made Penn agree that only the General Assembly could make laws.  The king could overturn laws  Penn, nor his council had any part in lawmaking!

Colonial Self-Government Colonists had greater political rights than they would have had in England. 50-75% of white males could vote (far more than in England). But… English women couldn’t vote in any colony (even if they owned property) Natives could not vote Africans (freed or enslaved) could not vote.

Freedom of the Press (1735) John Peter Zenger, publisher of New York Weekly Journal, was arrested for printing a series of articles criticizing the governor. Zenger was charged with libel (publishing statements that damage a person’s reputation). English law at the time punished writings that criticized the government – even if the statements were true.

Freedom of the Press (1735) Zenger’s lawyer, Andrew Hamilton, argued that since the articles were based on fact, they should not be labeled libel. “By your verdict, you will have laid a noble foundation for securing ourselves, our descendants, and our neighbors, the liberty both of exposing and opposing tyrannical power by speaking and writing truth.” --Andrew Hamilton, in A Brief Narrative of the Case and Trial of John Peter Zenger The jurors agreed and Zenger was found not guilty!

Freedom of the Press (1735) Significance Established the idea that democracy required well-informed citizens, so the press has a responsibility to report the truth to the public. Established “freedom of the press” – the right of journalists to print the truth without restriction or penalty!!!

Regulating Trade Mercantilism – European leaders believed the purpose of colonies were to benefit the home country, making it wealthy and powerful. Colonies could only trade with the home country.

Navigation Acts (1651) Set of laws passed by English Parliament restricting the Colonies trade. Shipments from Europe to colonies had to go through England first. Any imports to England from the colonies had to come in ships built and owned by British subjects. Colonies could sell key products (tobacco & sugar) only to England.

Navigation Acts (1651) Benefits to Colonies: A market for their goods in England Huge shipbuilding industry in New England colonies

Navigation Acts (1651) Disadvantages Laws favored English merchant Colonists could make more $$$ if they could sell directly to other countries Some colonists avoided the Navigation Acts by smuggling (importing/exporting illegally)!

Government Questions What did the Magna Carta do that had never been done before? What is Parliament’s greatest power? How was the power of the English monarch limited? How did the colonists in Pennsylvania demonstrate self- government?

Economic Questions How did some colonists get around the Navigation Acts Predict what might happen in the future if colonies continue to avoid the Navigation Acts.

Colonial Society 4.2 Many people lived with extended families (parents, children, and other members, like grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins). Most colonists lived on farms, where a large family was considered an advantage because more hands could help work the fields.

Roles of Men, Women, & Children Controlled family’s income and property Held the “authority” in the family Represented their family in public life as voters and officeholders Jobs: Carpenters; farmers; joiners, wheelwrights, coopers, butchers, tanners, shoe makers; tallow-chandlers; watermen; etc…

Roles of Men, Women, & Children Expected to marry men chosen by their parents (property; religion; family interests) When she married, any of her property became her husband’s Expected to have lots of babies Domestic work – cooking; cleaning; laundry; making clothes; gardening; milking cows; tending chickens; churning butter; preserving food Little to no role in public life – could not vote or hold office.

Roles of Men, Women, & Children Began work at age 7 – household or farm chores or servants to other families Fetch water & wood; help in kitchen (girls) and fields (boys) Boys learning trades would become apprentices – learning a trade by working for someone in that trade for a certain period of time.

Social Classes in Colonial Society The Gentry (upper-class wealthy planters, merchants, ministers, royal officials, and successful lawyers) The Middle Class (neither rich, nor poor – small planters, independent farmers, and artisans) Indentured Servants (worked 4-10 years to pay off debt) Free African Americans

Indentured Servants Had few, if any rights At end of service, received a set of clothes, tools, and 50 acres of land. 1/10 – became prosperous land owner 1/10 – became an artisan (a worker in a skilled trade, especially one that involves making things by hand) 8/10 – moved back to Europe to join a class of landless, poor whites

Free African Americans 1790 – 60,000 free slaves to 757,000 enslaved Allowed to own property, even in the South. Some became slaveholders. Most were not allowed to vote or sit on juries.