Volume 34, Issue 6, Pages 1074-1079 (December 2015) The 2014 ESPEN Arvid Wretlind Lecture: Metabolism & nutrition: Shifting paradigms in COPD management Annemie M.W.J. Schols Clinical Nutrition Volume 34, Issue 6, Pages 1074-1079 (December 2015) DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2015.09.005 Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Terms and Conditions
Fig. 1 Timeline: 50 years pivotal progress in metabolic and respiratory health research towards P4 Medicine. Circles: targets, rectangles: treatment. Nutrition and metabolism (L→R): – Targets: fat-free mass; inflammation; limb muscle mass & quality; bone; adipose tissue, – Treatment: calories; multimodal: protein/n-3 fatty acids/anabolic agents; nutraceuticals; lifestyle. COPD management (L→R): – Targets: airflow obstruction; respiratory muscles, hyperinflation, lower limb muscles, exacerbations, comorbidity, – Treatment: smoking cessation, long-term oxygen therapy, bronchodilation, lung volume reduction surgery, multidimensional risk assessment and management. Clinical Nutrition 2015 34, 1074-1079DOI: (10.1016/j.clnu.2015.09.005) Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Terms and Conditions