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Describe the attraction of America to new immigrants around 1900 5

The effects of World War One

Today we will: Understand the importance of WW1 in changing attitudes towards immigration.

Lesson Starter 1. June 1914 1 When did World War One begin? 2. Who fought in it (what was the system of alliances)? 3. What was America’s initial reaction to the war? HINT – n _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4. When did the USA enter the war? 5. Why did the USA enter the war? 1. June 1914 2. Triple alliance (or Central Powers) –Austria – Hungary, Germany and Italy).VERSUS Triple Entente (or Allied Powers) – France, Great Britain and Russia {who was allies with Serbia.) 3. Neutrality 4. April 1917 5. a) March 1917 – German submarines sank five American merchant vessels in the North Atlantic. b) Zimmerman telegram

April 1917 USA entered the war on the side of the allies Historians argue the war was a catalyst (sped up process) of the movement to limit immigration (changing attitudes to immigration.) This was because there was a conflict of loyalties during and after World War One.

Conflict of loyalties The USA was fighting in a war against: GERMANY AUSTRIA Among other countries. Due to large scale immigration to the USA, there were many: GERMANS AUSTRIANS Living in the USA. Who would these people support in the war? The USA where they lived, or their home country? President Wilson Kaiser Wilhelm II

Conflict of loyalties World War One revealed that many immigrants still had sympathies for their mother country. The newest public relations techniques were used to “sell” the war to Americans and generate hatred towards the Germans. WWI Propaganda Life for foreign-born Americans was not easy: Anyone of a foreign culture became suspect, and patriotism generated into xenophobia. Dislike or fear of anyone from another country Add xenophobia to your glossary

‘When sauerkraut became liberty cabbage…’ German or Austrian immigrants were suspected as having sympathies for the Kaiser. Irish immigrants were suspected as being anti – British and anti – American saboteurs if they were Catholic. Eastern European immigrants were suspected of being Communists or anarchists. Life was difficult for some immigrants: German languages were stopped in schools and colleges. German Americans were beaten, tarred and feathered. Families with German sounding surnames changed them. The German dish of sauerkraut became known as liberty cabbage.

It can be argued that attitudes to immigration changed as at the end of the war many Americans regretted that their country had become involved in European affairs. Many felt hostile to anything foreign, and wanted a return to isolationism. Hence the Senate refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles preventing the USA from joining the League of Nations.

Copy and complete the paragraph filling in the blanks H argue the war was a c (sped up process) of the movement to limit immigration ( = changing attitudes to immigration.) This was because there was a c of l during and after World War One. The war revealed that many immigrants still had s for their m country. The newest public relations techniques were used to “sell” the war to Americans and generate h towards the G . Life for F -born Americans was not easy as anyone of a foreign culture became s , and patriotism generated into x__________

Historians argue the war was a catalyst (sped up process) of the movement to limit immigration ( = changing attitudes to immigration.) This was because there was a change of lmmigration during and after World War One. The war revealed that many immigrants still had sympathy for their mother country. The newest public relations techniques were used to “sell” the war to Americans and generate hatred towards the Germans. Life for foreign -born Americans was not easy as anyone of a foreign culture became s_ _ _ _ _ _, and patriotism generated into xenophoia

German languages were… German Americans were…. Beginnings Endings Match German languages were… German Americans were…. Families with German sounding surnames….. The German dish of sauerkraut…. German or Austrian…. immigrants were suspected of Irish immigrants were…. Eastern European immigrants were… suspected of being Communists or anarchists. suspected of being anti – British and anti – American saboteurs if they were Catholic. became known as liberty cabbage. stopped in schools and colleges. having sympathies for the Kaiser. beaten, tarred and feathered. changed them.

Task 2 answers suspected of being Communists or anarchists. suspected of being anti – British and anti – American saboteurs if they were Catholic. became known as liberty cabbage. stopped in schools and colleges. having sympathies for the Kaiser. beaten, tarred and feathered. changed them. German languages were German Americans were Families with German sounding surnames The German dish of sauerkraut German or Austrian immigrants were suspected of Irish immigrants were Eastern European immigrants were

Watch the following short programme about America and World War One.

Further emigration laws. The Emergency Quota Act, 1921 restricted immigration to 357,000 per year, also set down a quota - only 3% of the total population of immigrant group already in America in 1910 could come in after 1921. The National Origins Act, 1924 reduced the maximum number of immigrants to 150,000 per year and cut the quota to 2%, based on the population of the USA in 1890. The act was aimed at restricting southern and eastern Europeans immigrants. Also prohibited immigration from Asia. This angered the Chinese and Japanese communities already in America.

Summary Increasing immigration control prior to WW1. Why isolationism? Did not trust Europe – don’t want to be dragged into another war. Geography – the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean surrounding the USA Bad memories after the First World War How was isolationism possible? The USA did not join the League of Nations. Increasing immigration control prior to WW1. Policy escalated after WW1 further tightening immigration control.

Use the following words to create a paragraph using the heading Isolationism as a reason for changing attitudes to immigration.– challenge yourself to add historiography Isolationism was important in changing attitudes towards immigrants… 14 points isolationist President Wilson March 1917 WW1 Civil War

It can be argued that attitudes to immigration changed, as America wanted to isolate herself and as a result severely limit immigration. This policy was already in place prior to WW1 and several acts had already been introduced to limit immigration. When WW1 broke out, America’s foreign policy was isolationism, staying out of European affairs and consequently stay neutral in the war. President Wilson urged Americans not to get involved in Europe’s ‘civil war,’ and many Americans supported isolationism. However when America did enter the war in 1917, it created a lot of tension and resentment towards immigrants. Once the war ended, America was determined to retreated back into isolationism. Firstly they did not join the League of Nations, meaning they were kept out of European politics.

Historians Tindall and Shi argue that American attitudes to immigration changed in the 1920s, as they stated ““shock in the United States gave way to gratitude that an ocean stood between America and the battlefields.” Crucially Some historians argue changing attitudes to immigration were part of isolationism, and restricting immigration was another way to isolate America. Immigration control was increased with the bitter feelings towards immigrants after WW1 and restricted or removed American entry for groups such as Asians under the 1924 quota act. Therefore isolationism played a key role in changing attitudes towards immigration in the 1920s.