Pure Substances vs. Mixtures

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Presentation transcript:

Pure Substances vs. Mixtures Using the characteristic properties of substances to separate mixtures

Characteristic Properties What are some of substances? density melting point boiling point heat capacity solubility

Mixtures A mixture is comprised of pure substances. The substances composing a mixture can be combined in For example, salt-water can be made of in a gallon of water or a in a gallon of water. The properties of a mixture are those of the constituent substances A mixture of ethanol and water will have a boiling point between that of water and that of ethanol

Mixtures The properties of mixtures are intermediate between those of the components of the mixture because each component . This is rather significant! It means that we can in order to separate a mixture.

Ethanol and Water Let’s say we had a mixture of ethanol and water. Ethanol has a boiling point of and water has a boiling point of . Together, their boiling point will be appear to be somewhere depending on how much there was of each substance. The different boiling points can be used to separate the mixture by using .

Distillation Apparatus

Heat Curve of Ethanol and Water 100.0 78.4 0.0 Time Temperature (oC)

Fractional Distillation An animation of fractional distillation as a means of refining oil can be viewed at the following website: http://science.howstuffworks.com/oil-refining4.htm

Other Methods of Separation How could you separate a mixture of salt and sand? Start by of salt and of sand. Differences in this list can be exploited to separate the mixture. Is salt ? Is sand? Could water be used to separate the two? How could the water be from the salt?

Other Methods of Separation is another method of separation. The components of ink can be separated using this method. Homework: from home in order to do a chromatography experiment.