WAYS MOLECULES MOVE Chapter 7-3 http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_main.html

Diffusion http://lhs.lps.org/staff/sputnam/Biology/U3Cell/diffusion_1.png

FROM A LOT to NOT Molecules move _______“where there’s _______” Animatioin from: http://www.biologycorner.com/resources/diffusion-animated.gif Molecules move _______“where there’s _______” ____“where there’s _______” FROM A LOT to NOT

DIFFUSION across a space Happens anytime there is a __________ in concentration in one place compared to another = ________________________ DIFFERENCE Concentration gradient

DIFFUSION across a SPACE Molecules move automatically _______ the concentration gradient _______ an area of _______ concentration ____ an area of ________ concentration EXAMPLES DOWN from Higher to Lower Blue dye in beaker demo, Someone making popcorn/grilling out Strong perfume, Bad smell in room http://leighhouse.typepad.com/blog/images/kool_aid.jpg http://www.swapmeetdave.com/Humor/Farts.htm

DIFFUSION across a space Diffusion continues until the concentration is ________________ in space = ________________________ equal everywhere Equilibrium http://lhs.lps.org/staff/sputnam/Biology/U3Cell/diffusion_1.png

Molecules need to move across membranes in cells Image modiified from: http://www.accessexcellence.org/AB/GG/importProt.html

Diffusion can happen ________ a _____________ in a cell, too across membrane …as long as membrane will let the molecule _________________ pass through

CELL EXAMPLE: (Do Not Write!) DIFFUSION automatically moves oxygen from HIGHER concentration (in lungs) to a LOWER concentration (in blood) CO2 automatically moves from where there is a HIGHER concentration (in blood) to where there is a lower concentration (in lungs) http://www.le.ac.uk/pa/teach/va/anatomy/case2/2_2.html

PROBLEM for Cells? Cell membranes are SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE Video from: http://www.southtexascollege.edu/tdehne/BC_ShockwaveAnimations/08SWF-MembraneStructureAndFunct/08-02-MembraneStructure.swf PROBLEM for Cells? Cell membranes are SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE See a movie

What if a cell needs to move _____ or ______ molecules that can’t get through the membrane? LARGE POLAR http://www.d.umn.edu/~sdowning/Membranes/membraneImages/jpegimages/diffusionmedium.jpg

Cells need a ____ to ____ molecules across cell membranes that _______ across by ___________ WAY HELP can’t go themselves

Kinds of ________ Transport PASSIVE __________________________________ ___________________________________ Diffusion Facilitated Diffusion

DIFFUSION across a membrane DIFFERENCE Happens anytime there is a __________ in _____________ on one side of the membrane compared to the other concentration See diffusion animation http://student.ccbcmd.edu/~gkaiser/biotutorials/eustruct/passiveanim.html

DIFFUSION PASSIVE DOWN HIGHER to LOWER OXYGEN Carbon dioxide http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/Biol22000/10Biomembranes/images/membrane.gif DIFFUSION PASSIVE No energy required = _______ Moves _______ concentration gradient from ___________________ Works for any molecules that can pass through the membrane Example of molecules that move this way in cells: ________ & ____________ DOWN HIGHER to LOWER OXYGEN Carbon dioxide

FACILITATED DIFFUSION uses _______________ to help molecules across 2 kinds of proteins help: _________ & ____________ membrane proteins Carriers Channels Animations from: http://bio.winona.edu/berg/ANIMTNS/facdifan.gif http://www2.uic.edu/~myilma1/ionchannel.gif

FACILITATED DIFFUSION with CHANNELS The movement of water molecules across a cell membrane is called ___________IMPORTANT VOCAB!!! OSMOSIS http://student.ccbcmd.edu/~gkaiser/biotutorials/eustruct/channelanim.html

ALL KINDS OF FACILITATED DIFFUSION PASSIVE No energy required = _____________ Moves ________ concentration gradient from ________________________ Needs a facilitator to make it happen ___________________ help molecules get across membrane DOWN HIGHER to LOWER Membrane proteins

Kinds of ________Transport ACTIVE PUMPS Vesicles Active Transport is when energy is required to transport.

See a video clip about Na+-K+ pump -7D

PUMP ACTIVE ATP low high membrane proteins pumps ___________ transport (requires energy from ______) Can move molecules from _____ concentration to ______ Uses _______________________ called ____________ to move molecules Example: nerve cells Na+ is pumped out of cells at same time K + is taken into cells ATP low high membrane proteins pumps

ACTIVE TRANSPORT with VESICLES ___________ are small membrane sacs that pinch off of cell membranes used by cells for transporting molecules Used for transporting molecules: If entering the cell = ______________ If exiting the cell = _______________ ENDOCYTOSIS EXOCYTOSIS http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/cell-movement.html http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/exocy.htm

See a video clip about Endo/exocytosis -7E

ENDOCYTOSIS Substances taken into cell ACTIVE energy __________ transport (requires________) Uses ______________ to carry substances Can move molecules from _____ concentration to ______ Examples in cells: one celled organisms eat this way white blood cells get rid of bacteria this way VESICLES low high

ENDOCYTOSIS Protist eating another Animation from: http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/cell-movement.html Protist eating another http://www.accs.net/users/kriel/chapter%20nine/

WHITE BLOOD CELL ENGULFING BACTERIA (Phagocytosis) http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/255/255ion/fig14x28.jpg

EXOCYTOSIS Substances released outside of cell ACTIVE energy __________ transport (requires________) Uses ______________ to carry substances Can move molecules from _____ concentration to ______ Examples in cells: _________ release packaged proteins this way VESICLES low high GOLGI

GOLGI BODIES USE EXOCYTOSIS Video: http://www.southtexascollege.edu/tdehne/BC_ShockwaveAnimations/07SWF-TourOfTheCell/07-16-EndomembraneSystem.swf GOLGI BODIES USE EXOCYTOSIS Animation from: http://www.franklincollege.edu/bioweb/A&Pfiles/week04.html See a Golgi movie

Transport Check for Understanding Transport that requires energy is called? Transport that does not require energy is called? One example of transport that does not required energy. One example of transport that does require energy Which direction do molecules move in diffusion? High to Low or Low to High?

VOCAB _____________ = substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution _____________ = substance in which a solute is dissolved SOLUTE SOLVENT http://www.makash.ac.il/h_school/hst/hstsb/chem/luach/dissolve.jpg

Images by Riedell __________________ = mass of a solute in a given volume of solution CONCENTRATION MORE The _______ molecules there are in a given volume the ____________the concentration GREATER

Use new vocab to make Koolaid Koolaid powder sugar Solutes = ______________& __________ Solvent = ____________ Koolaid drink = ______________ Water solution http://www.makash.ac.il/h_school/hst/hstsb/chem/luach/dissolve.jpg

Tonicity The Cell’s Goal: Equal amounts of water and particles inside and outside cell Hypertonic Solution (Salty): water leaves cell, so cell shrivels up and gets smaller Hypotonic Solution (More Water, Less Salt): water enters cell, so cell swells up Isotonic Solution (equallibrium): water goes in and out of cell in equal amounts so there’s no change

What will happen to an animal cell placed in different solutions? Solute concentration Greater outside than inside Lower outside than inside Equal outside and inside HYPERTONIC HYPOTONIC ISOTONIC What will happen to an animal cell placed in different solutions?

If cells can’t maintain “stable internal conditions” . . . damage can result and cells can die. http://www.the-aps.org/education/lot/cell/Quiz.htm

OSMOSIS swell and possibly burst Video LESS THAN Animation from: http://www.ouhscphysio.org/humanphys/animations/osmosis3.swf OSMOSIS See an animation Osmosis3 Video Choose Blood Hypotonic link HYPOTONIC: Concentration outside cell is ________________ inside the cell Water enters cell so cell will ___________________ LESS THAN swell and possibly burst

OSMOSIS shrinks GREATER THAN Video Animation from: http://www.ouhscphysio.org/humanphys/animations/osmosis4.swf OSMOSIS See an animation OSMOSIS 4 HYPERTONIC: Concentration outside cell is ____________________ inside cell Water leaves cell so cell ____________ GREATER THAN shrinks Choose Blood Hypertonic link Video

3 step process to determine osmosis (flow of water) In or out? Step 1: Draw cell (circle) inside solution (square) Step 2: Calculate the amount of WATER inside and outside cell (100% -__ % of materials) and label % of water Sometimes amount of water may be given (Ex: pure water = 100%) Step 3: Draw arrow from higher number to lower number (into cell or outside cell)