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Vocab Colligative Properties Molarity & Dilutions Solubility Curves Properties of Solutions 100 Points 100 Points 100 Points 100 Points 100 Points 200 Points 200 Points 200 Points 200 Points 200 Points 300 Points 300 Points 300 Points 300 Points 300 Points 400 Points 400 Points 400 Points 400 Points 400 Points 500 Points 500 Points 500 Points 500 Points 500 Points

A solution that contains a relatively small amount of solute in a solvent

dilute solution

A substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts electric current

electrolyte

A type of colloid in which a solid is dispersed throughout a liquid.

sol

The particles in a solvent are so large that they settle out unless the mixture is constantly stirred or agitated

suspension

The rapid escape of a gas from a liquid in which it is dissolved

effervescence

Colligative properties depend, NOT on the identity of the solute, but on the ___________.

Concentration of solute dissolved in the solution

Pure, unsweetened tea boils at 99. 5°C Pure, unsweetened tea boils at 99.5°C. If 5 grams of sugar were dissolved in that tea and then the solution was brought to a boil, would the new boiling point be equal to, greater than, or less than 99. 5°C?

colligative property = boiling point elevation greater than 99.5°C colligative property = boiling point elevation

In the winter, when trucks add salt to icy streets, which of the 4 colligative property is being displayed?

freezing point depression

What happens to the vapor pressure above a saltwater solution if an additional 25 grams of NaCl are dissolved into the solution?

colligative property = vapor pressure lowering The vapor pressure decreases colligative property = vapor pressure lowering

If a red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, it will begin to shrivel. Which solution is MORE concentrated, the one inside of the cell or the one outside of the cell?

outside of the cell according to osmosis, the water (solvent) moves from lower concentration to higher concentration so it leaves the less concentrated blood cell and enters the more concentrated outside solution, causing the cell to shrivel

Give the formulas for finding both molarity and dilutions.

Molarity (M) = moles solute liters solution Dilutions = MCVC = MDVD

The molarity of a solution in which 48 The molarity of a solution in which 48.5 grams of NaCl (molar mass = 58.5 g/mol) are dissolved in 0.50 liters of solution.

48.5 g 1 mol = 0.829 mols 58.5 g M = 0.829 mols = 1.66 M 0.5 L

If you dilute 49.8 mL of 1.35 M sodium chloride to a new volume of 300 mL, what is the concentration of this new solution?

(49.8 mL)(1.35 M) = (MD)(300 mL) MD = 0.22 M

The number of moles in 300 mL of 2.5 M lithium chloride.

2.5 M = x mols 0.300 L x = 0.75 mols

A 3. 88 M solution contains 4. 1 moles of KNO3 A 3.88 M solution contains 4.1 moles of KNO3. What is the volume (in mL) of KNO3 solution?

3.88 M = 4.1 mols x L x = 1.057 L = 1057 mL

The number of grams of KNO3 soluble in 100 grams of water at 60⁰C.

100 grams

The least soluble compound at 70⁰C.

Ce2(SO4)3

The type of solution found at 40⁰C, when 110 grams of NaNO3 is dissolved in 100 grams of water.

supersaturated

The amount of NH4Cl that can be dissolved in 300 grams of water at 20⁰C.

111 grams

The amount of precipitate formed when a saturated solution of KNO3 is cooled from 60⁰C to 30⁰C.

100°C = 100 g KNO3 30°C = 45 g KNO3 = 55 grams precipitate

Which would dissolve faster in coffee: granulated sugar or cubes of sugar?

= more surface area of each particle is exposed granulated sugar = more surface area of each particle is exposed

As the temperature of a gas increases, the solubility of the gas will ____.

decrease

As the pressure of a gas increases, its solubility will ____.

increase

As the lower the molar mass of a gas, the ____ the gas’s solubility.

lower

In addition to surface area/particle size, what are the 3 other factors that affect the solubility of a solid in a liquid?

the nature of the solute/solvent (like dissolves like), temperature, and stirring/agitation