Connectors and Conjunctions - Addition: furthermore/ moreover/and/also/ so + aux. + subj; - Consequence: therefore/ thereafter/ then/ so; - Contrast: however/ although/ though/ but/ despite/ nevertheless/ nonetheless; - Sequence: after/ before/ next/ then; - Condition: whether/ provide that/ if/ unless

Used to/ Be used to - Used to – usado para expressar hábitos somente no passado e seguido de verbo no infinitivo sem o TO. e.g.: I used to study harder last year. - Be used to – usado para expressar hábitos em qualquer tempo verbal e seguido de verbo no gerúndio. e.g.: I was used to studying harder last year.

There be Usado para expressar em inglês a mesma ideia de “existir” em português. O verbo TO BE varia de acordo com o tempo desejado. e.g.: There is a party in my house. was is being has been will be

Of By For Onto Into Around Since Behind Beyond Prepositions In country/ state/ city/ period of time/ month/ year At time/ specific spots/ commemorative periods/ address - On date/ days of the week/ eve/ farm Of By For Onto Into Around Since Behind Beyond

Gerund and Infinitive Gerund - after certain verbs; She admits going badly in her texts. - after prepositions; She depends on working 3 shifts. - as the subject of the sentences Learning Math is sometimes hard.

Infinitive - to express purpose To pass, you need to study. - after certain verbs; They want to talk to you. - after adjectives Joe will be the worst to drive you home. - after ordinals Kevin will be the first to talk to you.

Question Tag Perguntas curtas AUX + Subj. trocando de negativa para afirmativa e vice-versa, dependendo da sentença anterior. e.g.: They don’t like her, do they? They like her, don’t they? Exceptions Let´s do it, shall we? I am here, aren´t I? Do it, will you? Someone is knocking, aren’t they?

Conditionals Zero Pres/ Past , Pres/ Past If I am late, I get nervous. First Pres , Will/ May/ Might/ Can + Verb If I arrive on time, I won’t need to talk the teacher. Second Past , Would/ Could + Verb If I had her number, I would call her. Third Past Perfect(had + Part.) , Would/ Could/ Might/ Should + Have + Past Participle If Brazil had played better, It wouldn’t have lost 7x1.

Reported Speech Direct Indirect Go Went Went Had gone/ went is going was going was going had been going have gone had gone had gone had gone today that day Tomorrow the following day Now Then Yesterday The previous day

VERB TO BE + PAST PARTICIPLE Passive Voice A fórmula básica de uma estrutura na Voz Passiva, tanto em Inglês quanto em Português é: VERB TO BE + PAST PARTICIPLE e.g.: The film is seen by Paul. is being seen was seen has been seen will be seen

Plural chair – chairs box – boxes baby – babies Regra Geral S Palavras terminadas em CH, SH, X, O, SS, S e Z ES Palavras terminadas em Y precedido de consoante IES chair – chairs box – boxes baby – babies Toy – toys tomato – tomatoes photo – photos Ox – oxen bacterium – bacteria nucleus – nucli

Articles THE antes de vogal, consoante, contáveis, incontáveis, plural, singular, rios, oceanos, cadeias de montanhas, arquipélagos, hotéis The orange/ car/ cup of water/ water/ tables/ pen/ Thames/ Pacific A antes de consoantes ou quando as letras U/ EU tiverem som de /IU/ como em “YOU” e substantivos compostos com o numeral “ONE”. A picture/ university/ European country AN antes de vogal ou de H mudo. An apple/ hour

Quantifiers Much + (começo de frases) / - / ? U Many + (começo de frases) / - / ? C few + / - / ? C Little + / - / ? U A lot of / lots of / a great deal of/ plenty of + U\C Some + / - (parte de um todo) ? (pedidos de favor e oferta) U\C Any + (qualquer) / - / ? U\C No + / ? (com significado negativo) U\C

Degrees of adjectives Comparativo Superlativo Superioridade Superioridade Adj + R/ ER/ IER + Than THE + Adj+ ST/ EST/ IEST More + Adj + Than The Most + adj Inferioridade Inferioridade Less + adj The Least + adj Igualdade As (+) / So (-) + adj + as

Too/ also/ as well/ either/ so/ neither Too/ As well concordar com afirmativas, no final de frases A: We love them! B: We love them, too/ as well! Also concordar com afirmativas, antes de verbo principal e depois de verbo TO BE A: We love them! A: I am here! B: We also love them! B: I am also here! Either concordar com negativas, no final de frases A: We don’t like them! B: We don’t like them, either! So + aux + sujeito concordar com afirmativas A: I love them! B: So do I! Neither + aux + sujeito concordar com negativas A: I don’t love them! B: Neither do I!

Genitive Case (`s) Miranda`s sister James` sister/ James(`) (`s) house. Miranda and James` sister Miranda`s and James` sisters The dog`s food The prince`security The lid of the pan.

Connectors and Conjunctions - Addition: furthermore/ moreover/and/also/ so + aux. + subj; - Consequence: therefore/ thereafter/ then/ so; - Contrast: however/ although/ though/ but/ despite/ nevertheless/ nonetheless; - Sequence: after/ before/ next/ then; - Condition: whether/ provide that/ if/ unless

Prefixes and Suffixes Suffixes Ness substantivação happiness Y adjetivação salty Less adjetivação/ negação careless Ly adverbiação beautifully Ed/ Ing adjetivação/ verbos no passado e no contínuo annoyed annoying

Prefixes In negação inactive Un negação unforgettable Re repetição redo For a favor de forward