Regulation of the Release of Catecholamines and Synthesis of Norepinephrine/Epinephrine in the Adrenal Medulla Chromaffin Cell. Immediate release of norepinephrine/epinephrine.

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Regulation of the Release of Catecholamines and Synthesis of Norepinephrine/Epinephrine in the Adrenal Medulla Chromaffin Cell. Immediate release of norepinephrine/epinephrine results from neuronal signals via the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and a resulting influx of calcium ions. This calcium pulse leads to the release of the neurotransmitters via exocytosis. Longer term release in response to stress or other factors relies on hormones from the hypothalamus and the resulting induction of PNMT. See text for details. ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone; CRH, corticotropin-releasing hormone; DD, dopa decarboxylase; DH, dopamine hydroxylase; DPN, dopamine; Epi, epinephrine; NE, norepinephrine; PNMT, phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase; TH, tyrosine hydroxylase. [Adapted with permission from Murray RA, et al.: Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry, 28th edition, McGraw-Hill, 2009.] Source: Chapter 19. The Nervous System, The Big Picture: Medical Biochemistry Citation: Janson LW, Tischler ME. The Big Picture: Medical Biochemistry; 2012 Available at: http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/DownloadImage.aspx?image=/data/Books/jans1/jans1_c019f010.png&sec=39899817&BookID=397&ChapterSecID=39898626&imagename= Accessed: October 10, 2017 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved