Marine Bio- Wednesday, 2/25/16 Drill: Look at the food web and explain why the dinoflagellates and diatoms are essential. Outcome: Discuss and sketch phytoplankton and zooplankton Agenda: PROJECT IS DUE NEXT CLASS!! Discuss phytoplankton reading Compare two types of phytoplankton Microscopes: Phytop & Zoop (Newsela Algae blooms are crowding lakes and rivers)

Oceans drifters Plankton live in the top zones of the oceanic: Epi and Meso Phytoplankton: Plants of the ocean; photosynthesis = producers Examples: Diatoms, Dinoflagellates and Euglena Zooplankton: Consumers (eat phytoplankton) = primary/secondary consumers Examples: Rotifers, Radiolaria, Zoea Crabs

Plankton Phytoplankton: Plants of the ocean; photosynthesis = producers Zooplankton: No photosynthesis (eat phytoplankton) = primary consumers Holoplankton: Permanent plankton Example: diatoms, radiolarians, dinoflagellates, foraminifera, amphipods, krill, copepods Meroplankton: Temporary plankton Example: larval forms of sea urchins, sea stars, crustaceans, marine worms, some marine snails, most fish

Phytoplankton Found in the epipelagic zone, need light Make up base of food chain Supply oxygen in oceans How are phytoplankton better than terrestrial trees because: Nearly all biomass is photosynthetic (no roots/stem) Turn over time is 2-6 days (not 19 years)

Types of Phytoplankton Diatoms

Types of Phytoplankton Dinoflagellate*

Types of Phytoplankton Euglena

Zooplankton Found in the epipelagic zone, but do NOT need light… they need Phytoplankton Some plankton like sunfish may be found deeper (sunfish are tertiary consumers) Important part of the marine food chain Primary consumers… eat phytoplankton

Types of Zooplankton Radiolaria

Types of Zooplankton Rotifer

Types of Zooplankton Zoea Crab

Microscope viewing PHYTOPLANKTON AND ZOOPLANKTON DRAW SPECIMENS UNDER HIGH POWER ALL DRAWINGS MUST BE IN PENCIL. DRAW AND LABEL ONE SPECIMEN PER CIRCLE. DRAWINGS MUST BE NEAT. INCLUDE AS MUCH DETAIL AS POSSIBLE. DRAWINGS OF THE SPECIMENS SHOULD FILL UP THE CIRCLES.

Next class… Aquarium Proj Presentations Make sure before you come in next class your powerpoint is Emailed to me at MissGodich1@gmail.com If you have decided NOT to present you need to let me know!! Presentations will start our next class, you can ask questions after each presentations and you will vote on the aquarium you would want to have built

Plankton Drill: What is the difference between phytoplankton and zooplankton? Outcome: I can explain how a drastic increase and decrease of plankton would be detrimental to an aquatic ecosystem. I can recognize various planktonic forms.

Reading questions What does the term plankton mean to you? Describe the root Phyto-. What two criteria determine if an organism is a phytoplankton? How is phytoplankton different from terrestrial plants?

Types of Plankton Phytoplankton: photosynthesis = producers Zooplankton: eat phytoplankton - primary consumers

Plankton – Algal Blooms Q 1: Due to excessive nutrients from fertilizers getting in the water algal blooms, like the red tide, will occur. At this time plankton called dinoflagellates will grow out of control, the water discolors, vast amounts of oxygen are used up, and it is toxic to sea life. What type of plankton causes algal blooms? Is this algal bloom a natural or man made issue? Explain. How can algal blooms be avoided?

Plankton – Algal Blooms Q 2: Overfishing of Baltic cod has greatly intensified the problem of algal blooms. Cod eat sprats, a small, herring-like species that eat microscopic marine creatures called zooplankton that in turn eat algae. Draw/Write the food chain for the scenario above? Is this algal bloom a natural or man made issue? Explain. How can algal blooms be avoided? Sweden – Baltic Sea 2010 NASA Picture

Plankton – Red Tides Red Tide – California Q 3: This massive “red tide” of dinoflagellates stretched for more than 20 miles along the southern California coast. Non-toxic blooms such as these can cause extensive mortalities of plants and animals in shallow waters when the bloom biomass decays, stripping oxygen from the water. What could have caused this non-toxic bloom? Is this algal bloom a natural or man made issue? Explain. How can algal blooms be avoided? Red Tide – New Zealand

Plankton Races Scenario: All types of plankton must avoid sinking at a fast rate. Zooplankton relies on phytoplankton, which, in turn, needs the sun in order to photosynthesize. As a result, plankton needs to remain in the photic zone and avoid sinking by increasing their surface area or decreasing their density. A student purchased a variety of phytoplankton from a local pet store in hopes that he might be able to successfully observe and document the rate at which plankton sink. He wasn't sure which body design produced the greatest surface area for the plankton to sink the slowest, so he chose to design various adaptations, ranging from increasing the number of appendages and/or spines to flattened bodies and increasing the use of oil. Question: How does the body plan of plankton affect the rate at which it sinks? Create a hypothesis, sketch and next class we will build our plankton and RACE!

Stages of Zooplankton Holoplankton: Permanent plankton (drifters) Example: diatoms, dinoflagellates, and krill Meroplankton: Temporary plankton (drifters  swimmers) Example: larval forms of sea stars, crustaceans, and fish

Hypo and Sketch must be done before creating your plankton!! What materials did you use? How many of each? Why did you use those materials? Show your sketch. Take your paper to a lab station. Get all of your materials (even those you didn’t put in your sketch) Clay / Straw / Tooth Picks / Aluminum Foil Begin to build  Test (time)  Modify (keep tract of modifications)