Romantic Era.

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Presentation transcript:

Romantic Era

The Romantic Opera The Romantic opera developed distinct national styles in France, Germany, and Italy France: lyric opera – a merger between grand opera (serious historical dramas) and opera comique (comic opera with spoken dialogue). Germany: Wagner’s music drama which integrated all elements of opera. Italy: opera seria (serious opera) and opera buffa (comic opera) Verdi’s Rigoletto Wagner’s Die Walkure

Exoticism in Opera Many romantic composers turned to exotic plots for their operas with faraway lands or cultures. Bizet’s Carmen: romanticizing Gypsy culture in Spain Puccini: Madame Butterfly: Nagasaki, Japan

20th Century

Impressionist Era exotic scales chromatic whole tone unresolved dissonances parallel chords rich orchestral color free rhythm Debussy: Prelude to “The Afternoon of a Faun” opening is chromatic loose ternary (A-B-A’) form

Early 20th Century complex rhythms polyrhythm polymeter irregular meters new harmonic concepts polychords polytonality atonality 12-tone method (or serialism) devised by Schoenberg based on an arrangement o the 12 chromatic tones – tone row forms: transposed, inversion, retrogade, retrogade inversion dissonance

Early 20th Century Stravinsky: The Rite of Spring – interaction between rhythm and meter Schoenberg: Pierrot lunaire – female reciter and 5 players using 8 instruments Sprechstimme (spoken voice) Webern: Symphony, Opus 21, Second Mvmt 12 tone based on retrograde inversions of tone row from 1st mvmt theme and variations

20th Century Nationalism 20th cent. Composers used more authentic folk elements in the nationalistic music then 19th cent. Composers. National “schools” of composition developed across Europe. Bela Bartok – Hungarian composer. Collected traditional songs and dances and incorporated them into his compositions. new scales new rhythmic ideas polytonal harmony Classical forms

20th Century Nationalism Bartok: Interrupted Intermezzo, 4th mvmt shifting meters (2/4, 5/8, ¾, 5/8) polytonal and atonal harmonies 3 contrasting themes 1st is folklike and pentatonic 2nd is lyrical 3rd portrays a Nazi invasion Charles Ives: The Things Our Fathers Loved slow diatonic vocal line (Dixie, My Old Kentucky Home, Sweet By-and-By) piano is independent from vocal line Copland: Billy the Kid classic cowboy songs shifting meters dissonance and polytonal harmonies

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