US Foreign Policy Ch 19

Topics History Governmental Structures Current Issues

Goals in FP Trade: promoting and/or regulating Defense: National Security Promoting environment, human rights, good relations, cultural exchanges.

America’s International Relations History 1800s: Small country expanding its influence 1900s: US becomes a world power Post-WWII: The UN and the Cold War: US is a superpower Post-Cold War: What are our goals?

1800s Beginnings: Isolationism 1820s: Monroe Doctrine Manifest Destiny and Expansion War with Mexico 1846-48 Oregon Treaty 1846

1900s: US becomes a world power The “new” Imperialism Spanish-American war and follow-up war in the Philippines Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine Panama Canal

US becomes a world power World War I US stays out 1914-1917 Joins 1917 Ends Nov, 1918 Versailles Treaty Wilson hopes for collective security through League of Nations 1920s and 30s: trend toward isolationism World War II What countries are on what side?

Axis vs. Allies Japan Italy Germany UK USSR US France China

Post WWII Internationalism Free trade promoted in international organizations: Bretton Woods System GATT IMF http://www.imf.org/external/about/overview.htm World Bank http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTABOUTUS/0,,pagePK:50004410~piPK:36602~theSitePK:29708,00.html United Nations

United Nations: www.un.org Purposes: Preamble http://www.un.org/en/documents/charter/preamble.shtml Structures General Assembly Secretary General Security Council: Purposes Who has power in it? Economic and Social Council International Court of Justice http://www.un.org/en/aboutun/structure/index.shtml Limitations of UN

UN Security Council 15 countries 5 permanent countries with veto power: US UK China USSR France

UN US Ambassador to the UN :Susan Rice http://usun.state.gov/

Cold War 1946-1991 US and allies vs. USSR and allies Ideological rivalry Communism vs. Democracy and capitalism No direct war Lots of proxy wars Competition for influence and dominance around the world Arms race Space race

Cold War terms and policies Containment NATO and Warsaw Pact Fighting the Cold War is the backbone of US Foreign Policy 1945-1991

Cold War Korean and Vietnam Wars Nuclear Deterrence and MAD Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962 Détente Nixon in China 1970s Human Rights as a goal UN Human Rights Declaration http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/ Cold War ends 1989, 1991

New Goals? Human Rights as a goal Internationalism/Multilateralism Combating terrorism Environment Nukes: Which countries have them? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons NPT http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_Non-Proliferation_Treaty Spreading Democracy Globalization

Who makes foreign policy? Checks and balances in duties of branches of gov’t Industry Media Public

The Executive Branch is #1 in foreign and military policy The President Access to and control of information Commander in Chief of the military Departments of State, Defense, Homeland Security

Department of State: http://www.state.gov/ Foreign policy negotiations Embassies Economic Development

Department of Defense http://www.defense.gov/ Robert Gates Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines Joint Chiefs CIA National Security Council: advises the president http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_National_Security_Council

Department of Homeland Security Cabinet department created after the 9/11 attacks for domestic U.S. security Janet Napolitano http://www.dhs.gov/

Congress’s role in FP Oversight: hearings Appointments: hearings Appropriations: $$ Treaties Declaration of war Pass laws dealing with Foreign Policy

Declaration of War: power shift from Congress to President Since WWII: Korea, Vietnam, Gulf War, Afghanistan, Iraq. How? Congressional Resolutions and President using power as Commander in Chief War Powers Act, 1973 Pres can deploy Congress must approve after or troops must return Not very effective

The Military Industrial Complex The relationship and influence of U.S. armed forces Defense industries on Government Mostly about: $$: Defense contracts http://www.sonyclassics.com/whywefight/main.html

The News Media Reporting and investigation Agenda setting Influencing public opinion

The Public Generally more interest in domestic over foreign affairs Influences FP through Elections Widespread resistance or protests Polls Work in nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) such as Amnesty International

Middle East map

Middle East World War I impacts World War II impacts Cold War impacts Britain and France in the region World War II impacts Israel Cold War impacts Conflicts seen through “cold war glasses” Iran’s Shah is overthrown Islamic revolution Americans taken hostage

Middle East Iran-Iraq war Gulf War, 1991 US tries to find a friend in the region: Saddam Hussein Gulf War, 1991 Reasons Iraq took over Kuwait Results

Afghanistan The Soviet Union’s “Vietnam” Results map: http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/asia/af.htm

9/11 What were the motives behind the attacks? Who was responsible? Why did the US go to war with Afghanistan afterwards? Al Qaeda, Osama Bin Laden The Taliban The War on Terrorism

War in Iraq Reasons for war? US attempted to get UN Security Council’s OK Congressional vote to allow the use of force US attacks in March, 2003 Bush Doctrine: preemptive strike

Countries Read classmates’ reports on countries

If no student reports, read NY Times topics pages on China Russia North Korea Iran Iraq Pakistan Afghanistan Al Qaeda Taliban Yemen Israel Palestinians