2.4 – Names and Formulae of Inorganic Compounds

Binary Ionic Compounds, p. 96 You can recognize the formula of a binary compound because it only contains two capital letters, one for each elemental symbol

Binary Ionic Compounds, p. 96 Monoatomic ion Any ion derived from a single atom one + atom  monoatomic

Binary Ionic Compounds, p. 96 Binary ionic compounds contain one type of monoatomic metal cation and one type of monoatomic non-metal anion

Multivalent Ions, p. 97 Multivalent metal Any metal that has multiple possible ionic charges

Multivalent Ions, p. 97 The name of every ionic compound starts with the name of its cation and ends with the name of its anion

Na Na+

Na sodium Na+

sodium Na sodium ion Na+

Ti3+ Ti4+

Ti3+ titanium(III) ion Ti4+

titanium(III) ion Ti3+ titanium(IV) ion Ti4+

Cl Cl—

Cl chlorine Cl—

chlorine Cl chloride Cl—

Multivalent Ions, p. 97 Write the name of ZnCl2. Zn Cl 2

Multivalent Ions, p. 97 Write the name of ZnCl2. Zn Cl

Multivalent Ions, p. 97 Zn Cl 2+ — metal = ionic single-valent Write the name of ZnCl2. metal = ionic Zn Cl 2+ — single-valent

Multivalent Ions, p. 97 Write the name of ZnCl2. zinc chloride Cl —

single-valent metal monoatomic ZnCl2  zinc chloride

Multivalent Ions, p. 97 Just as all atoms are neutral, despite being made up of charged particles, all compounds are neutral, requiring that every positive cation charge have a corresponding negative anion charge

Multivalent Ions, p. 97 Write the name of Cu2O. Cu 2 O

Multivalent Ions, p. 97 Write the name of Cu2O. Cu O

Multivalent Ions, p. 97 + Cu O 2+ 2— metal = ionic multivalent Write the name of Cu2O. metal = ionic + Cu O 2+ 2— multivalent

Multivalent Ions, p. 97 Cu Cu2O O ? 2— Cu? two copper ions Write the name of Cu2O. Cu Cu2O O ? 2— Cu? two copper ions

Multivalent Ions, p. 97 Cu O 2— ? Cu? total negative charges Write the name of Cu2O. Cu O 2— ? Cu? total negative charges

Multivalent Ions, p. 97 2+ 2— Cu O 2— ? Cu? must balance total Write the name of Cu2O. must balance 2+ 2— Cu O 2— ? Cu? total negative charges distribute evenly

Multivalent Ions, p. 97 Cu+ copper(I) oxide O 2— Cu+ Write the name of Cu2O. Cu+ copper(I) oxide O 2— Cu+

single-valent metal multivalent metal monoatomic monoatomic ZnCl2  zinc chloride Cu2O  copper(I) oxide

Multivalent Ions, p. 97 To determine an ionic compound’s formula from its name, you must determine the simplest ratio between the cation and the anion that successfully balances the positive and negative charges

Multivalent Ions, p. 97 magnesium nitride Write the formula of magnesium nitride. magnesium nitride

Multivalent Ions, p. 97 magnesium N3— no Roman numeral Write the formula of magnesium nitride. magnesium N3— no Roman numeral

Multivalent Ions, p. 97 2+ 3— Mg2+ N3— must balance Write the formula of magnesium nitride. must balance 2+ 3— Mg2+ N3—

Multivalent Ions, p. 97 4+ 3— Mg2+ N3— Mg2+ must balance Write the formula of magnesium nitride. must balance 4+ 3— Mg2+ N3— Mg2+

Multivalent Ions, p. 97 4+ 6— Mg2+ N3— Mg2+ N3— must balance Write the formula of magnesium nitride. must balance 4+ 6— Mg2+ N3— Mg2+ N3—

Multivalent Ions, p. 97 6+ 6— Mg2+ N3— Mg2+ N3— Mg2+ must balance Write the formula of magnesium nitride. must balance 6+ 6— Mg2+ N3— Mg2+ N3— Mg2+

Multivalent Ions, p. 97 Mg3 N2 N3— N3— Write the formula of magnesium nitride. Mg3 N2 N3— N3—

Multivalent Ions, p. 97 tin(IV) oxide Write the formula of tin(IV) oxide. tin(IV) oxide

Multivalent Ions, p. 97 tin(IV) O2— Roman numeral Write the formula of tin(IV) oxide. tin(IV) O2— Roman numeral

Multivalent Ions, p. 97 4+ 2— Sn4+ O2— must balance Write the formula of tin(IV) oxide. must balance 4+ 2— Sn4+ O2—

Multivalent Ions, p. 97 4+ 4— Sn4+ O2— O2— must balance Write the formula of tin(IV) oxide. must balance 4+ 4— Sn4+ O2— O2—

Multivalent Ions, p. 97 Sn O2 O2— O2— Write the formula of tin(IV) oxide. Sn O2 O2— O2—

single-valent metal multivalent metal monoatomic monoatomic ZnCl2  zinc chloride Cu2O  copper(I) oxide

Polyatomic Ions, p. 98 Atoms form chemical bonds to achieve a full valence shell, by either filling the current one or by losing one that’s only partially occupied

Na Cl one electron to lose needs to gain one electron metal non-metal

Na Cl

monoatomic cation monoatomic anion Na Cl + — ionic bond

F C non-metal non-metal also wants to gain electrons wants to

both atoms will share these electrons F C

F C covalent bond

F all atoms have a full valence shell neutral molecule F C F F

O H

O H

O H missing one electron

O H

monoatomic cation polyatomic anion + — Na O H ionic bond

multiple + atom  polyatomic Polyatomic Ions, p. 98 Polyatomic ion A group of atoms who bond together through electron sharing and covalent bonds, who collectively need to gain or lose one or more electrons, forming a molecular ion multiple + atom  polyatomic

Polyatomic Ions, p. 98 Polyatomic ions often remain intact during a chemical reaction, appearing in a compound as a reactant and in a different compound as a product

Polyatomic Ions, p. 98 The formula of an ionic compound containing a polyatomic ion has three or more capital letters, directing you to the table of polyatomic ions in the data booklet

Polyatomic Ions, p. 98 A Ag2SO4 S O contains a polyatomic ion Write the name of Ag2SO4. contains a polyatomic ion A Ag2SO4 S O not a binary compound

Polyatomic Ions, p. 98 Ag2SO4 S O4 single-valent metal sulphate Write the name of Ag2SO4. Ag2SO4 S O4 single-valent metal sulphate

Polyatomic Ions, p. 98 Write the name of Ag2SO4. Ag2SO4

Polyatomic Ions, p. 98 Write the name of Ag2SO4. Ag2 sulphate

Polyatomic Ions, p. 98 Write the name of Ag2SO4. silver sulphate

single-valent metal multivalent metal monoatomic monoatomic ZnCl2  zinc chloride Cu2O  copper(I) oxide single-valent polyatomic Ag2SO4  silver sulphate

Polyatomic Ions, p. 98 Polyatomic cations usually end with —onium, while polyatomic anions usually end with —ite or —ate

Polyatomic Ions, p. 98 When a compound’s formula contains multiples of a polyatomic ion, first surround the polyatomic’s formula to define it, then add a subscript number to multiply it

Polyatomic Ions, p. 98 iron(II) phosphate Write the formula of iron(II) phosphate. iron(II) phosphate

Polyatomic Ions, p. 98 Fe2+ phosphate Write the formula of iron(II) phosphate. Fe2+ phosphate

Polyatomic Ions, p. 98 2+ 3— Fe2+ PO43— must balance Write the formula of iron(II) phosphate. must balance 2+ 3— Fe2+ PO43—

Polyatomic Ions, p. 98 4+ 3— Fe2+ PO43— Fe2+ must balance Write the formula of iron(II) phosphate. must balance 4+ 3— Fe2+ PO43— Fe2+

Polyatomic Ions, p. 98 4+ 6— Fe2+ PO43— Fe2+ PO43— must balance Write the formula of iron(II) phosphate. must balance 4+ 6— Fe2+ PO43— Fe2+ PO43—

Polyatomic Ions, p. 98 6+ 6— Fe2+ PO43— Fe2+ PO43— Fe2+ must balance Write the formula of iron(II) phosphate. must balance 6+ 6— Fe2+ PO43— Fe2+ PO43— Fe2+

Polyatomic Ions, p. 98 PO4 2 Fe2+ PO43— Fe2+ PO43— Fe2+ Write the formula of iron(II) phosphate. PO4 2 Fe2+ PO43— Fe2+ PO43— Fe2+

Polyatomic Ions, p. 98 Fe3 (PO4)2 Fe2+ PO43— Fe2+ PO43— Fe2+ Write the formula of iron(II) phosphate. Fe3 (PO4)2 Fe2+ PO43— Fe2+ PO43— Fe2+

Fe3(PO4)2  iron(II) phosphate single-valent metal multivalent metal monoatomic monoatomic ZnCl2  zinc chloride Cu2O  copper(I) oxide single-valent multivalent metal polyatomic polyatomic Ag2SO4  silver sulphate Fe3(PO4)2  iron(II) phosphate

balance the positive and negative charges name cation anion positive negative metal polyatomic non-metal polyatomic data booklet periodic table data booklet single-valent multivalent periodic table Roman numeral balance the positive and negative charges simplest ratio formula

formula name

change the ending to —ide formula cation anion positive negative metal polyatomic non-metal polyatomic data booklet periodic table data booklet single-valent multivalent periodic table Roman numeral change the ending to —ide determine the actual charge first part second part

Names and Formulas of Binary Molecular Compounds, p. 100 Binary covalent compounds contain two non-metals, so long as they aren’t carbon and hydrogen, as those are hydrocarbons, which follow the naming rules of organic chemistry

Names and Formulas of Binary Molecular Compounds, p. 100 To name a binary covalent compound, identify each element, changing the second one to end with —ide, then add a prefix to each to reflect the ratio between them, except for mono— on the first element

Names and Formulas of Binary Molecular Compounds, p. 100 Write the name of CO. C O

Names and Formulas of Binary Molecular Compounds, p. 100 Write the name of CO. carbon O

Names and Formulas of Binary Molecular Compounds, p. 100 Write the name of CO. carbon oxygen

Names and Formulas of Binary Molecular Compounds, p. 100 Write the name of CO. carbon mon oxide

Names and Formulas of Binary Molecular Compounds, p. 100 To translate a binary covalent compound’s name into a formula, identify each element’s symbol, then convert any prefixes to subscripts, remembering that no prefix and mono— don’t generate a number

Names and Formulas of Binary Molecular Compounds, p. 100 Write the formula of dinitrogen tetroxide. di nitrogen tetr oxide

Names and Formulas of Binary Molecular Compounds, p. 100 Write the formula of dinitrogen tetroxide. di N tetr O

Names and Formulas of Binary Molecular Compounds, p. 100 Write the formula of dinitrogen tetroxide. N2 O4