Respiratory system

SECTION 1

It filters and warms the air going into the body The Human Respiratory System functions are: Works closely with the circulatory system, exchanging gases between air and blood: It filters and warms the air going into the body It influences speech and sound production Makes olfaction{ability to smell} possible

Test question Which statement best describes the function of the respiratory passageways of a human? they permit exchange between the external atmosphere and the circulatory system

respiration in humans is external and internal External respiration: occurs outside the cell and involves the exchange of gases between the lungs and blood

Internal respiration: takes place when gases are exchanged between the blood and the body cells

The Human Respiratory System components are: Nasal cavity Pharynx (Throat) Larynx (Voice Box) Trachea (Windpipe) Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli (Site of gas exchange)

Oooo! Another test question Which sequence correctly indicates the branching pattern of the human respiratory system? Tracheabronchibronchiolesalveoli

SECTION 2

Respiratory Tract structures and functions:[these are NOT in order] Nasal cavity: Air enters nostrils, is filtered by hairs, warmed, humidified, and sampled for odors as it flows through a maze of spaces.

2. Pharynx (Throat): Intersection where pathway for air and food cross. Most of the time, the pathway for air is open, except when we swallow.

The Uvula a flap of tissue in the back of the mouth that hangs from the roof of your mouth.

The Uvula closes the upper air passages so food does not come out of your nose. The Uvula is also the part of the body that causes snoring when air passes over it.

Epiglottis: A leaf-like piece of cartilage that covers the trachea during swallowing

3. Larynx (Voice Box): Contains vocal cords, which allow us to make sounds by voluntarily tensing muscles.

4. Trachea{windpipe} Brings air into the lungs Made up of 15-20 C-shaped cartilage rings in order to maintain the shape and prevent it from closing Branches out into 2 bronchi

5. bronchi{singular is bronchus} Each bronchus leads into a lung and branches into smaller structures called bronchioles

The bronchi are the main channels for the passage of airstream towards the lungs. They also protect the lungs against germs and dirt particles

6. bronchioles The bronchioles are smaller airways branching off from the bronchi and have the same function as the bronchi

7. Alveoli/ alveolus[singular] Air sacs where gas exchange occurs in the lungs Alveolus sit next to capillaries

Alveolus gives 02 to capillary{lungs} Capillaries gives C02 to alveolus{blood}

8. Lungs 2 spongy organs enclosed within the rib cage; surrounded and protected by a membrane called Pleura have no muscles; they cannot move and they cannot change size on their own

a large flat muscle that lies across the chest cavity 9. Diaphragm a large flat muscle that lies across the chest cavity it aids in the breathing process

Inhalation 1.air gets sucked into the lungs 2.the lungs inflate 3.diaphragm moves downward 4. the ribs move up and out

4.rib cage moves down and in Exhalation 1.air moves out 2.the lungs deflate 3.diaphragm moves up 4.rib cage moves down and in

SECTION 3

Respiratory system Lab When you’re at rest, your pulse might be between 68-75 bpm When you’re walking, it might increase to between 90-92 bpm When you run, it might increase to 108 or more bpm

What is the relationship between activity and pulse rate?

During exercise: The heart beats faster The blood moves faster and brings more oxygen and glucose to all the cells of the body The blood removes wastes like carbon dioxide and lactic acid

Why do we breathe harder during exercise? Because during exercise, the blood contains an increased level of carbon dioxide

The more you work-out, the more you train your body to remove waste, this helps you to have controlled breathing and less muscle cramps Physical activity also helps to clear your mind so you can have better thinking skills and make better judgments

SECTION 4

Diseases of the Respiratory System

Laryngitis the swelling and irritation (inflammation) of the voice box (larynx) that is usually associated with hoarseness or loss of voice.

Asthma: an inflammatory condition in which the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles become narrowed, causing breathing difficulty

Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the bronchi. Bronchitis: Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the bronchi.

Pneumonia: A condition in which the air sacs are filled with mucous, pus and other liquids

Emphysema: Permanent and irreversible destruction of alveoli walls, resulting in loss of lung elasticity and gas exchange surface.

Cancerous growth that invades and destroys lung tissue. Lung Cancer: Cancerous growth that invades and destroys lung tissue.

C.O.P.D. a lung disease that makes it hard to breathe. It is caused by damage to the lungs over many years, usually from smoking.

COPD is often a mix of two diseases: